{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:16:27Z","timestamp":1783570587350,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Early-life sensitization to house dust mites (HDMs) is a recognized risk factor for adverse respiratory allergic outcomes. Methods: We investigated the clinical characteristics of infants under two years of age who visited our allergy clinic for evaluation with detectable HDM-specific IgE (sIgE) and compared them to HDM-sIgE\u2013negative infants. Results: Among 1793 infants tested for HDM sIgE, 96 (5.4%) demonstrated sensitization. In the HDM-positive cohort, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 74.0% (90.9% among those &lt;12 months), food allergy was 57.3% (100% among those &lt;12 months), egg white sensitization was 71.9% (90.9% among those &lt;12 months), and cow\u2019s milk sensitization was 56.3% (81.8% among those &lt;12 months). Atopic dermatitis, food allergy, \u22654 wheezing episodes, physician-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, egg white sensitization, cow\u2019s milk sensitization, and sensitization to three or more food allergens were significantly more common in the HDM-positive group compared with the HDM-negative group. Significant correlations were observed between HDM sIgE and total IgE levels, as well as between HDM sIgE and egg white sIgE levels. Overall, HDM sensitization in infants was most frequently accompanied by atopic dermatitis and egg white sensitization. Conclusions: These findings suggest that early HDM sensitization should be closely monitored, particularly in infants with atopic dermatitis and food allergies who exhibit elevated total IgE and egg white sIgE levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T14:45:46Z","timestamp":1758206746000},"page":"6587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Infants Under Two Years of Age with Early Sensitization to House Dust Mites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hye-In","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You Hoon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8707(68)90128-7","article-title":"Allergenic Identity between the Common Floor Mite (Dermatophagoides Farinae Hughes, 1961) and House Dust as a Causative Antigen in Bronchial Asthma","volume":"42","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.49.9.711","article-title":"Role of House-Dust Mites in Childhood Asthma","volume":"49","author":"Sarsfield","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1997.35.1.9","article-title":"Fauna and Geographical Distribution of House Dust Mites in Korea","volume":"35","author":"Ree","year":"1997","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.9.1165","article-title":"Sensitization to Aeroallergens in Korean Children: A Population-Based Study in 2010","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2012.4.6.313","article-title":"House Dust Mite Allergy in Korea: The Most Important Inhalant Allergen in Current and Future","volume":"4","author":"Jeong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2018.07.005","article-title":"Geographic and Demographic Variations of Inhalant Allergen Sensitization in Koreans and Non-Koreans","volume":"68","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergol. Int. Off. J. Jpn. Soc. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12268","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis and the Atopic March Revisited","volume":"69","author":"Dharmage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.04.036","article-title":"One March, Many Paths: Insights into Allergic March Trajectories","volume":"127","author":"Gabryszewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2021.01.001","article-title":"The Phenotype of the Food-Allergic Patient","volume":"41","author":"Eapen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.012","article-title":"Respiratory Allergy Caused by House Dust Mites: What Do We Really Know?","volume":"136","author":"Linneberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1946","article-title":"House Dust Mite Allergen Induces Asthma Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Triggering of Airway Structural Cells","volume":"15","author":"Hammad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008233230802","article-title":"Exposure to House-Dust Mite Allergen (Der P I) and the Development of Asthma in Childhood","volume":"323","author":"Sporik","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.02.035","article-title":"Allergen Exposure in Infancy and the Development of Sensitization, Wheeze, and Asthma at 4 Years","volume":"115","author":"Brussee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.03.037","article-title":"Exposure to Dust Mite Allergen and Endotoxin in Early Life and Asthma and Atopy in Childhood","volume":"120","author":"Milton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100056","article-title":"Asymptomatic Toddlers with House Dust Mite Sensitization at Risk of Asthma and Abnormal Lung Functions at Age 7 Years","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69286-6","article-title":"Perennial Allergen Sensitisation Early in Life and Chronic Asthma in Children: A Birth Cohort Study","volume":"368","author":"Illi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2008.46.3.187","article-title":"House dust mite allergens in domestic homes in Cheonan, Korea","volume":"46","author":"Nam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2020.61.9.797","article-title":"Trends of Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in Korean Children","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2025). Immunocap Allergen Information, Thermo Fisher, Scientific."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"585","article-title":"Clinical Laboratory Assessment of Immediate-Type Hypersensitivity","volume":"78","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clevel. Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"643","article-title":"Early Skin Sensitization to Aeroallergens","volume":"19","author":"Mathot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"12","article-title":"Predictors of allergen sensitization in Singapore children from birth to 3 years","volume":"24","author":"Loo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02008-7","article-title":"Allergens sensitization among children with allergic diseases in Shanghai, China: Age and sex difference","volume":"23","author":"Ying","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima, R., Shinohara, R., Kushima, M., Horiuchi, S., Otawa, S., Miyake, K., Yokomichi, H., Akiyama, Y., Ooka, T., and Yamagata, Z. (2022). The Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study Group. Exposure to House Dust Mite Allergen and Endotoxin in Early Life and Sensitization and Allergic Rhinitis: The JECS. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214796"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02842-7","article-title":"Early Exposure to House-Dust Mite and Cat Allergens and Development of Childhood Asthma: A Cohort Study","volume":"356","author":"Lau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12626","article-title":"Early-Life House Dust Mite Allergens, Childhood Mite Sensitization, and Respiratory Outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Casas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.06.042","article-title":"Patterns of Sensitization to Food and Aeroallergens in the First 3 Years of Life","volume":"120","author":"Dean","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00118.x","article-title":"The Development of the Immune System During Pregnancy and Early Life","volume":"55","author":"Holt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"16","article-title":"The Natural Course of Sensitisation and Atopic Disease in Infancy and Childhood","volume":"8","author":"Wahn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.02.009","article-title":"Update on Indoor Allergens and Their Impact on Pediatric Asthma","volume":"128","author":"Maciag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.133","article-title":"Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"129","author":"Cork","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10068.x","article-title":"Filaggrin Loss-of-Function Mutations Are Associated with Early-Onset Eczema, Eczema Severity and Transepidermal Water Loss at 3 Months of Age","volume":"163","author":"Flohr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.106484","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis: New Insights and Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention","volume":"105","author":"Leung","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.04.032","article-title":"Epidemiologic Risks for Food Allergy","volume":"121","author":"Lack","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12784","article-title":"The March from Early Life Food Sensitization to Allergic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Birth Cohort Studies","volume":"71","author":"Alduraywish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.06.005","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergy: More Than Sensitization","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2011.3.2.67","article-title":"The Atopic March: Progression from Atopic Dermatitis to Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01556.x","article-title":"Epicutaneous Aeroallergen Sensitization in Atopic Dermatitis Infants\u2014Determining the Role of Epidermal Barrier Impairment","volume":"63","author":"Boralevi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000381057","article-title":"Close Positive Correlation between the Lymphocyte Response to Hen Egg White and House Dust Mites in Infants with Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"166","author":"Kimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12815","article-title":"Early-Life Sensitization to Hen\u2019s Egg Predicts Asthma and Rhinoconjunctivitis at 14 Years of Age","volume":"28","author":"Christiansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klain, A., Senatore, A.A., Licari, A., Galletta, F., Bettini, I., Tomei, L., Manti, S., Mori, F., Miraglia Del Giudice, M., and Indolfi, C. (2024). The Prevention of House Dust Mite Allergies in Pediatric Asthma. Children, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/children11040469"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, D.L., Le, K.-M., Truong, D.D.K., Le, H.T.T., and Trinh, T.H.K. (2023). Environmental Allergen Reduction in Asthma Management: An Overview. Front. Allergy, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1229238"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2024.100208","article-title":"IR (Index of Reactivity)-House Dust Mite Sublingual Immunotherapy Liquid Formulation for Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies","volume":"3","author":"Carlucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Glob."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101136","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of SQ House Dust Mite Sublingual Immunotherapy-Tablet (12 SQ-HDM) in Children with Allergic Rhinitis\/Rhinoconjunctivitis with or without Asthma (MT-12): A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial","volume":"48","author":"Schuster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6587\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:48:23Z","timestamp":1760035703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14186587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14186587","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]}}}