{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T19:50:15Z","timestamp":1771530615183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Kidney function is critical for cardiovascular health, and its appropriate assessment entails proper determination of prognosis in patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCSs). However, assessment of the urinary spot albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) is often overlooked, whereas it is crucial for determination of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study assesses the prevalence of impaired kidney function in patients with CCS based on their eGFR and albuminuria. Methods and results: This study comprised a total of 1957 patients from seven regions in Poland, aged \u2264 80 years, who, 6\u201318 months earlier, were hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome or elective myocardial revascularization. Complete uACR and eGFR data were obtained from 1152 patients (median age was 67 years, and 71.23% of participants were male). The finding of albuminuria reclassified the CKD in 17% (200) patients, suggesting that a patient\u2019s risk cannot be ascertained only based on their eGFR result. CKD reclassification by albuminuria was observed in older (p &lt; 0.001) patients with higher BPs (p = 0.008), BPd (p = 0.038), HR (p &lt; 0.001), fasting glucose (p &lt; 0.001), and HbA1c (p &lt; 0.001) and decreased HDL concentration (p = 0.001); hence, this is the population where uACR assessment is particularly valuable. Conclusions: In a notable percentage of patients with CCS, their kidney function classification is changed based on their albuminuria. Therefore, it is important to include albuminuria in the routine assessment of patients with cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T12:33:32Z","timestamp":1758285212000},"page":"6607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impairment of Kidney Function in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5166-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Charkiewicz-Szeremeta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8306-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Sawicka-\u015amiarowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Czarnecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5977-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlena","family":"Dubat\u00f3wka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"G\u0105sior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Hryszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Internal Medicine with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6223-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warszawa, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-826 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz A.","family":"Kosior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warszawa, Poland"},{"name":"Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldona","family":"Kubica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Mickiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Paj\u0105k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7074-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Rajzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Styczkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Jan Pawe\u0142 II Hospital, 22-400 Zamo\u015b\u0107, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Wolfshaut-Wolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9465-2581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol A.","family":"Kami\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, V., Moroni, A., Gall, E., Benedetti, A., Zivelonghi, C., and Picard, F. (2023). Revascularization and Medical Therapy for Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Lessons Learnt from Recent Trials, a Literature Review. J Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082833"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"McCullough, A.P. (2009). Implications of CKD for Patients with CAD, Medscape."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01864-5","article-title":"Sex-specific differences and long-term outcome of patients with coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease: The Coronary Artery Disease and Renal Failure (CAD-REF) Registry","volume":"110","author":"Engelbertz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","article-title":"Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: A collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Matsushita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group (2021). KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int., 100, S1\u2013S276."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","article-title":"2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR)","volume":"37","author":"Piepoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01907-3","article-title":"Elevated urine albumin creatinine ratio increases cardiovascular mortality in coronary artery disease patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter retrospective study","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac186","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease as cardiovascular risk factor in routine clinical practice: A position statement by the Council of the European Renal Association","volume":"29","author":"Ortiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"533","article-title":"Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease in Poland. Results from the POLASPIRE survey","volume":"27","author":"Jankowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.33963\/v.phj.103434","article-title":"Implementation of the cardiovascular prevention guidelines in clinical practice. Results from the POLASPIRE II survey","volume":"83","author":"Jankowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kardiol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.a2017.0013","article-title":"Renal function on admission affects both treatment strategy and long-term outcomes of patients with myocardial infarction (from the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes)","volume":"75","author":"Hawranek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kardiol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group (2024). KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int., 105, S117\u2013S314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"64","article-title":"Prevalence rates of chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiometabolic factors and cardiovascular diseases. SIMETAP-CKD study","volume":"35","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Arter."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"225","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with or at a high risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"63","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samaan, F., Damiani, B.B., Kirsztajn, G.M., and Sesso, R. (2023). A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence and Risk Stratification of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cardiological Patients in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061146"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-705X.159219","article-title":"Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Mumbai, India","volume":"16","author":"Malleshappa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Views"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of microalbuminuria on incident coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030131","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030131","article-title":"Albuminuria: An Underappreciated Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"13","author":"Barzilay","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallamaci, F., and Tripepi, G. (2024). Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Between Old and New Concepts. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030678"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension","volume":"45","author":"McEvoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17542","article-title":"Association Between Longitudinal Blood Pressure Trajectory and the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the KNOW-CKD","volume":"78","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa252","article-title":"Predictive value of triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for major clinical outcomes in advanced chronic kidney disease: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13736","article-title":"HbA1c-dependent projection of long-term renal outcomes","volume":"295","author":"Arnold","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6607\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:49:04Z","timestamp":1760035744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14186607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14186607","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]}}}