{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:46:47Z","timestamp":1760060807120,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBK.A210.23.011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.A210.23.011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sleep bruxism (SB), a sleep behavior, is one of the most common sleep pathologies. Tenascin-C (TnC) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between SB and TSP-1 and TnC. Methods: A total of 80 participants, who were hospitalized in the Sleep Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension, and Clinical Oncology at Wroclaw Medical University, were enrolled in the study. Polysomnographic examination was conducted following the standard sleep evaluation criteria set by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, utilizing the Nox-A1 device. Serum TnC and TSP-1 concentrations were determined using Elisa Kits. Results: The study showed an increased concentration of TnC in the group of patients with a BEI (bruxism episode index) &gt;10.3, compared to &lt;10.3 (6786.79 \u00b1 5655.62 vs. 1585.16 \u00b1 2526.56). In regression analysis, higher values of phasic bruxism, smoking, and older age were independently associated with increased concentrations of TnC in the serum. Moreover, higher values of tonic bruxism, as well as smoking, were independently associated with TSP-1. Conclusions: Since tenascin-C and thrombospondin-1 levels are associated with sleep bruxism, atherosclerosis may be a potential consequence of SB. This relationship is especially noticeable in severe bruxism. Therefore, monitoring for clinical signs of atherosclerosis should be considered in patients with severe bruxism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T12:08:03Z","timestamp":1758542883000},"page":"6669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tenascin-C and Thrombospondin-1 as a Potential Link Between Sleep Bruxism and Cardiovascular Diseases\u2014A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Martynowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5155-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kosacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105 St., 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Macek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Lachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafal","family":"Por\u0119ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Principles of Physical Activity, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J. Paderewskiego St. 35, 51-612 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kusnerz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health, Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego St. 7, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Jaremk\u00f3w","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health, Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego St. 7, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyryl","family":"Daroszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105 St., 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9967-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bronowicka-Szyde\u0142ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego St. 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3624-3691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Madziarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Ga\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health, Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego St. 7, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski, G., Paj\u0105k, A., and W\u00f3jcicki, M. 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