{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:46:12Z","timestamp":1760060772089,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lublin","award":["336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["336"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Fetuin-A is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in metabolic and inflammatory regulation. Although its role in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease is well recognized, its relationship with pregnancy-related body mass changes remains unclear. This study aimed to explore associations between maternal BMI dynamics during and shortly after pregnancy and serum fetuin-A concentrations. Methods: Fifty-five healthy Caucasian women with term singleton pregnancies were enrolled. BMI was recorded at three time points: pre-pregnancy, before delivery, and 48 h postpartum. Based on \u0394BMI (postpartum minus pre-pregnancy BMI), participants were divided into two groups: \u0394BMI \u2264 1 kg\/m2 (n = 32) and \u0394BMI &gt; 1 kg\/m2 (n = 23). Serum fetuin-A levels were measured before delivery and postpartum using ELISA. Additional laboratory parameters and body composition were assessed postpartum via standard tests and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results: No significant differences were found between groups in BMI at any single time point or in laboratory or BIA-derived parameters. However, all three BMI change indices (\u0394BMI_gestational, \u0394BMI_puerperal, and \u0394BMI) differed significantly between groups. Fetuin-A concentrations did not differ significantly between groups. Importantly, fetuin-A levels decreased significantly after delivery in both groups, suggesting a potential role of the placenta in its regulation. A significant correlation was observed between pre-delivery fetuin-A and postpartum uric acid in Group \u0394BMI &gt; 1 kg\/m2 (p = 0.016), indicating a possible link in women with greater gestational weight gain. Conclusions: While fetuin-A was not directly associated with BMI changes, its peripartum dynamics and correlation with uric acid may reflect underlying metabolic-inflammation pathways. \u0394BMI indices may offer a more individualized measure of weight dynamics in pregnancy research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:05:13Z","timestamp":1758801913000},"page":"6782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fetuin-A Concentration in the Perinatal Period and Maternal BMI Dynamics During Pregnancy, Labor, and Early Postpartum: Is \u0394BMI a Parameter Worth Considering?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0464-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Obuchowska-Standy\u0142o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7295-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Kimber-Trojnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Czuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Trojnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Leszczy\u0144ska-Gorzelak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/154575a0","article-title":"Fetuin, a New Globulin Isolated from Serum","volume":"154","author":"Pedersen","year":"1944","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chekol Abebe, E., Tilahun Muche, Z., Behaile T\/Mariam, A., Mengie Ayele, T., Mekonnen Agidew, M., Teshome Azezew, M., Abebe Zewde, E., Asmamaw Dejenie, T., and Asmamaw Mengstie, M. (2022). The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Roles of Fetuin-A: A Review. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.945287"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107776","article-title":"Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic \u03b2-Cell: New Insights into Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis","volume":"216","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258507","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.258507","article-title":"Fetuin-A Secretion from \u03b2-Cells Leads to Accumulation of Macrophages in Islets, Aggravates Inflammation and Impairs Insulin Secretion","volume":"134","author":"Mukhuty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05435-1","article-title":"The Hepatokine Fetuin-A Disrupts Functional Maturation of Pancreatic Beta Cells","volume":"64","author":"Gerst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28324","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C113.495473","article-title":"Adipocyte Fetuin-A Contributes to Macrophage Migration into Adipose Tissue and Polarization of Macrophages","volume":"288","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, X., Wen, S.W., Bestman, P.L., Kaminga, A.C., Acheampong, K., and Liu, A. (2020). Fetuin-A in Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229776"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourebaba, L., and Marycz, K. (2019). Pathophysiological Implication of Fetuin-A Glycoprotein in the Development of Metabolic Disorders: A Concise Review. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122033"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14365","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14365","article-title":"Circulating Fetuin-A Concentrations in Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Zoroddu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elhoseeny, M.M., Abdulaziz, B.A., Mohamed, M.A., Elsharaby, R.M., Rashad, G.M., and Othman, A.A.A. (2024). Fetuin-A: A Relevant Novel Serum Biomarker for Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Retrospective Case-Control Study. BMC Gastroenterol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03310-y"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"4","article-title":"The Role of Fetuin-A in Physiological and Pathological Mineralization","volume":"93","author":"Brylka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008060572","article-title":"Fetuin-A Protects against Atherosclerotic Calcification in CKD","volume":"20","author":"Westenfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Ali, L., van de Vegte, Y.J., Said, M.A., Groot, H.E., Hendriks, T., Yeung, M.W., Lipsic, E., and van der Harst, P. (2023). Fetuin-A and Its Genetic Association with Cardiometabolic Disease. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48600-9"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bansal, A., and Pragaspathy, V. (2025). Serum Fetuin-A as a Biomarker for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-025-01507-9"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"33","article-title":"Serum Fetuin-A: A Novel Potential Link Between Post-Adolescent Acne and Insulin Resistance","volume":"15","author":"Mustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.01.006","article-title":"The Role of Hepatokines in NAFLD","volume":"35","author":"Stefan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odiase, P., Ma, J., Ranganathan, S., Ogunkua, O., Turner, W.B., Marshall, D., and Ochieng, J. (2024). The Role of Fetuin-A in Tumor Cell Growth, Prognosis, and Dissemination. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312918"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3532","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.940","article-title":"Fetuin-A (Alpha 2HS Glycoprotein) Modulates Growth, Motility, Invasion, and Senescence in High-Grade Astrocytomas","volume":"5","author":"Nangami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1505","article-title":"Fetuin-A and Its Relation to Metabolic Syndrome and Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children Before and After Weight Loss","volume":"93","author":"Reinehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100895","article-title":"Multifunctional Roles for Serum Protein Fetuin-a in Inhibition of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification","volume":"16","author":"Reynolds","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"625","article-title":"Role of Fetuin-A in Injury and Infection","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acute Phase Proteins-Regul. Funct. Acute Phase Proteins"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Hu, W., He, Y., Li, L., Liu, H., Gao, L., Yang, G., and Liao, X. (2020). Serum Fetuin-A Levels Are Increased and Associated with Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. BMC Endocr. Disord., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-0538-1"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181bc3f60","article-title":"The Physiologic Development of Fetuin-a Serum Concentrations in Children","volume":"66","author":"Osterwinter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14429","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14429","article-title":"Fetuin (Alpha2-HS-Glycoprotein) Opsonizes Cationic Macrophagedeactivating Molecules","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62030-2","article-title":"Fetuin Protects the Fetus from TNF","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.10.1759","article-title":"Spermine Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Synthesis in Human Mononuclear Cells: A Counterregulatory Mechanism That Restrains the Immune Response","volume":"185","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"S531","article-title":"Changes in Plasma Concentrations and mRNA Expression of Hepatokines Fetuin A, Fetuin B and FGF21 in Physiological Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3490-3","article-title":"Serum Levels of Fetuin A Are Increased in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"291","author":"Iyidir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogozi\u0144ska, E., Zamora, J., Marlin, N., Betr\u00e1n, A.P., Astrup, A., Bogaerts, A., Cecatti, J.G., Dodd, J.M., Facchinetti, F., and Geiker, N.R.W. (2019). Gestational Weight Gain Outside the Institute of Medicine Recommendations and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Analysis Using Individual Participant Data from Randomised Trials. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2472-7"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niebrzydowska-Tatus, M., Pe\u0142ech, A., Bie\u0144, K., Mekler, J., Santiago, M., Kimber-Trojnar, \u017b., and Trojnar, M. (2024). Association of DPP-4 Concentrations with the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031829"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12074","article-title":"Gestational Weight Gain Recommendations in the Context of the Obesity Epidemic","volume":"71","author":"Gray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.-Y., Su, M.-T., Cheng, H., Kuo, P.-L., and Tsai, P.-Y. (2019). Fetuin-A Inhibits Placental Cell Growth and Ciliogenesis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205207"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2019.02.003","article-title":"Variation of fetuin-A in maternal and fetal serum during human parturition","volume":"7","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Obstet. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Hepatokines Fetuin A and Fetuin B Status in Women with\/without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Yakout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896736","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/896736","article-title":"Fetuin-A Characteristics during and after Pregnancy: Result from a Case Control Pilot Study","volume":"2012","author":"Farhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulik-Kupka, K., Jabczyk, M., Nowak, J., Jagielski, P., Hudzik, B., and Zubelewicz-Szkodzi\u0144ska, B. (2022). Fetuin-A and Its Association with Anthropometric, Atherogenic, and Biochemical Parameters and Indices among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194034"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"03000605221082874","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221082874","article-title":"Causal Association Pathways between Fetuin-A and Kidney Function: A Mediation Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Bassey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01274-w","article-title":"Circulating Levels of Fetuin-A Are Associated with Moderate-Severe Hepatic Steatosis in Young Adults","volume":"44","author":"Filardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-1068-9","article-title":"Fetuin-A Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2921","article-title":"Adipokines in Inflammation and Metabolic Disease","volume":"11","author":"Ouchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488","article-title":"Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"444","author":"Lemieux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1132-1","article-title":"Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Express and Secrete Functional Alpha2hsglycoprotein (Fetuin a) Especially in Obesity","volume":"55","author":"Castelao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2851","article-title":"Fetuin-A Acts as an Endogenous Ligand of TLR4 to Promote Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance","volume":"18","author":"Pal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3116","article-title":"Circulating Fetuin-A and Free Fatty Acids Interact to Predict Insulin Resistance in Humans","volume":"19","author":"Stefan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20100330","article-title":"NF-kappaB Mediates Lipid-Induced Fetuin-A Expression in Hepatocytes That Impairs Adipocyte Function Effecting Insulin Resistance","volume":"429","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-015-0200-z","article-title":"Association between Serum Uric Acid Level and Metabolic Syndrome Components","volume":"14","author":"Nejatinamini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Zhang, C., Song, X., Lin, H., Zhang, D., Meng, W., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Z., Tang, F., and Liu, L. (2012). A Longitudinal Cohort Based Association Study between Uric Acid Level and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Han Urban Male Population. BMC Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-419"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.73.12.1059","article-title":"Role of Uric Acid in Hypertension, Renal Disease, and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Heinig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleve Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.109.870410","article-title":"Association of AHSG Gene Polymorphisms with Fetuin-A Plasma Levels and Cardiovascular Diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam Study","volume":"2","author":"Fisher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F625","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00140.2005","article-title":"A Causal Role for Uric Acid in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"290","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.309700","article-title":"Lower Plasma Fetuin-A Levels Are Associated With a Higher Mortality Risk in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.954242","article-title":"Maternal Plasma Fetuin-A Concentration Is Lower in Patients Who Subsequently Developed Preterm Preeclampsia than in Uncomplicated Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"28","author":"Chaemsaithong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2009.79","article-title":"Preeclampsia Is Associated with Decreased Serum Alpha(2)-HS Glycoprotein (Fetuin-A) Concentration","volume":"32","author":"Molvarec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13865","article-title":"The Prognostic Role of Serum Uric Acid Levels in Preeclampsia: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Bellos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colmenares-Mejia, C.C., Quintero-Lesmes, D.C., Bautista-Ni\u00f1o, P.K., Gu\u00edo, E., Paez, M.C., Beltr\u00e1n, M., Williams, D., Gray, K.J., Casas, J.P., and Serrano, N.C. (2023). Uric Acid and Risk of Pre-Eclampsia: Results from a Large Case\u2013Control Study and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29651-4"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.03.011","article-title":"Comparison of plasma fetuin A levels in patients with early-onset pre-eclampsia vs late-onset pre-eclampsia","volume":"200","author":"Sanhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"654","article-title":"Leptin\/SFRP5 ratio as a potential predictor of post partum weight retention. A prospective pilot study","volume":"94","author":"Ruszala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u0142ech, A., Rusza\u0142a, M., Niebrzydowska-Tatus, M., Bie\u0144, K., Kimber-Trojnar, \u017b., Czuba, M., \u015awistowska, M., and Leszczy\u0144ska-Gorzelak, B. (2023). Do Serum Galectin-9 Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes and Healthy Ones Differ before or after Delivery? A Pilot Study. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040697"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimber-Trojnar, \u017b., Patro-Ma\u0142ysza, J., Trojnar, M., Darmochwa\u0142-Kolarz, D., Oleszczuk, J., and Leszczy\u0144ska-Gorzelak, B. (2019). Umbilical Cord SFRP5 Levels of Term Newborns in Relation to Normal and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030595"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"40","article-title":"SFRP5-leptin ratio as a promising index in post-partum women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Sport"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trojnar, M., Patro-Ma\u0142ysza, J., Kimber-Trojnar, \u017b., Czuba, M., Mosiewicz, J., and Leszczy\u0144ska-Gorzelak, B. (2019). Vaspin in Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55030076"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"140","article-title":"Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 in Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Trojnar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Sport"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimber-Trojnar, \u017b., Patro-Ma\u0142ysza, J., Sk\u00f3rzy\u0144ska-Dziduszko, K.E., Oleszczuk, J., Trojnar, M., Mierzy\u0144ski, R., and Leszczy\u0144ska-Gorzelak, B. (2018). Ghrelin in Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103001"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimber-Trojnar, \u017b., Patro-Ma\u0142ysza, J., Trojnar, M., Sk\u00f3rzy\u0144ska-Dziduszko, K.E., Bartosiewicz, J., Oleszczuk, J., and Leszczy\u0144ska-Gorzelak, B. (2018). Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4\u2014An \u201cInauspicious\u201d Adipokine\u2014In Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J. Clin. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120505"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/19\/6782\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:49:33Z","timestamp":1760035773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/19\/6782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14196782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14196782","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}}}