{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:03:38Z","timestamp":1791291818198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Congenital laryngomalacia (LM) is the most common cause of stridor in infants, presenting with a clinical spectrum that ranges from benign, self-limiting symptoms to severe airway obstruction. This study aimed to objectively characterize the type and severity of sleep-disordered breathing in infants with LM using polysomnography (PSG) and to correlate findings with LM subtypes, clinical presentation, and type of surgical intervention. Methods: A cohort of 42 infants diagnosed with LM (Type I: n = 14, Type II: n = 18, Type III: n = 10) underwent overnight PSG before surgical treatment. The Apnea\u2013Hypopnea Index (AHI), Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), minimum and mean SpO2, and heart rate were recorded. Clinical features (stridor, feeding difficulties, respiratory effort) and type of surgery (supraglottoplasty [S] or supraglottoplasty with epiglottopexy [S + E]) were analyzed across LM subtypes. Results: Baseline AHI was significantly higher in LM Type III (25.41 \u00b1 6.95 events\/h) compared with Type II (12.50 \u00b1 5.05) and Type I (2.84 \u00b1 1.96; p &lt; 0.001). After surgery, AHI decreased to 1.76 \u00b1 1.56 in Type III and 0.97 \u00b1 0.70 in Type II. ODI showed a similar trend (Type III: 9.87 \u00b1 5.99 before vs. 0.78 \u00b1 0.69 after surgery; p &lt; 0.001). Minimum SpO2 increased from 69.50 \u00b1 7.76% to 93.60 \u00b1 1.82% in Type III (p &lt; 0.001). Feeding difficulties were observed in 100% of Type III patients, compared with 83.3% of Type II and 42.9% of Type I patients. The distribution of apnea type differed significantly across groups (p &lt; 0.001), with mixed obstructive\u2013central apnea predominating in Type III. Conclusions: Polysomnography is an effective and objective tool for assessing LM severity and guiding surgical qualification. Increasing LM severity is associated with more pronounced PSG abnormalities, greater clinical burden, and a higher likelihood of requiring advanced surgical correction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:01:39Z","timestamp":1759154499000},"page":"6844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Clinical Presentation in Infants with Congenital Laryngomalacia: A Polysomnographic Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1071-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergii","family":"Bredun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatoli L.","family":"Kosakovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology and Surdology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, 04112 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Trzpis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Sroczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wi\u015bniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beniamin Oskar","family":"Grabarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, WSB University, 41-300 D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University in Cracow, 30-705 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"\u017bychowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Szyd\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Laryngomalacia, Tracheomalacia and Bronchomalacia","volume":"48","author":"Hysinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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