{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T21:12:35Z","timestamp":1773954755476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy of \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are two strongly associated conditions that mutually influence each other. This review aims to follow the historical timeline of their association by highlighting the changing paradigm in CV risk management and treatment strategies in type 2 diabetes (T2D). While the discovery of insulin was a breakthrough in reducing life-threatening complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, patients with diabetes still faced a poor prognosis in terms of macrovascular outcomes, especially CVDs. Initial efforts in improving outcomes by tightly controlling glycemia proved insufficient, highlighting the complex relationship between the two diseases. After decades of focusing solely on glucose-lowering strategies, rosiglitazone, a promising new drug was developed, ultimately raising the flag about the potential higher risk of CV complications like myocardial infarction associated with its use. This turning point shifted the focus towards CV safety of novel glucose-lowering drugs, mandating for the development of cardiovascular outcome trials. Several drug classes, like sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), exceeded expectations by not only providing safety but also benefits in patients with T2D and CVDs and becoming the new standard of care in T2D management. The historical evidence linking T2D and CVDs has shaped regulatory requirements for cardiovascular outcome trials, guideline recommendations, and current therapeutic strategies. These insights highlight the importance of early interventions and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T09:12:23Z","timestamp":1759223543000},"page":"6877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Timeline of the Association Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0859-2498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Ana","family":"Luca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raluca Malina","family":"Bungau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6952-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"Herascu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5204-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gaita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vlad-Florian","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Timar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117607","article-title":"The link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"394","author":"Catapano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006). Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia: Report of a WHO\/IDF Consultation, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2025, May 30). IDF Diabetes Atlas 2025|Global Diabetes Data & Insights. Available online: https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/resources\/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025\/."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.310961","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"39","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i4.444","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Have all risk factors the same strength?","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6156.1000696","article-title":"Court of Last Appeal-The Early History of the High-fat Diet for Diabetes The First Low-carbohydrate Diet for Diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Henderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v7.i1.1","article-title":"Milestones in the history of diabetes mellitus: The main contributors","volume":"7","author":"Karamanou","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154737","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: 100 years since the discovery of insulin","volume":"118","author":"Polyzos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12044","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: Now that the dust is settling from large clinical trials","volume":"1281","author":"Giorgino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-4-1-54","article-title":"Arteriosclerosis in Diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Joslin","year":"1930","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61752-3","article-title":"The Framingham Heart Study and the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Historical Perspective","volume":"383","author":"Mahmood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2010.02.010","article-title":"The Framingham Study, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: Turning back the clock","volume":"53","author":"Kengne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C35","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.3.C35","article-title":"The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study. A review","volume":"21","author":"Turner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe0807625","article-title":"UKPDS and the Legacy Effect","volume":"359","author":"Chalmers","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S61438","article-title":"Importance of cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Lorber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02501.x","article-title":"Impact of the UKPDS\u2014An overview","volume":"25","author":"Home","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00314.x","article-title":"Obesity: A medical history","volume":"8","author":"Haslam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm012","article-title":"The Global Epidemic of Obesity: An Overview","volume":"29","author":"Caballero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.91208","article-title":"Obesity: A Venusian story of Paleolithic proportions","volume":"16","author":"Seshadri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2017.58.89","article-title":"Obesity: Rubensian beauty turned into major health problem","volume":"58","author":"Vari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"792","article-title":"Profiles in Cardiology","volume":"23","author":"Hurst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"189","article-title":"Ein Beitrag zum Stoffwechsel bei der vaskul\u00e4ren Hypertonie","volume":"2","author":"Hitzenberger","year":"1921","journal-title":"Wien. Arch. Inn. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"461","article-title":"\u00dcber den Blutdruck bei Diabetes mellitus","volume":"2","author":"Hitzenberger","year":"1921","journal-title":"Wien. Arch. Inn. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"105","article-title":"Studien uber das Hypertoni-Hyperglyce mi-Hyperurikemi syndrom","volume":"44","author":"Kylin","year":"1923","journal-title":"Zentralblatt F\u00fcr Inn. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)36134-2","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: Its differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types","volume":"227","author":"Himsworth","year":"1936","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"339","article-title":"Sexual differentiation; Factor determining forms of obesity","volume":"55","author":"Vague","year":"1947","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"124","article-title":"Epidermiology and associated risk factors of hyperlipoproteinemia","volume":"32","author":"Haller","year":"1977","journal-title":"Z. Fur Die Gesamte Inn. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595","article-title":"Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease","volume":"37","author":"Reaven","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390070054005","article-title":"The Deadly Quartet: Upper-Body Obesity, Glucose Intolerance, Hypertriglyceridemia, and Hypertension","volume":"149","author":"Kaplan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation","volume":"15","author":"Alberti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00059.x","article-title":"Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR)","volume":"16","author":"Balkau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","volume":"285","author":"Cleeman","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome\u2014A new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation","volume":"23","author":"Alberti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001180","article-title":"A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"DMM Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-024-03051-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome","volume":"477","author":"Pigeot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.4065\/81.12.1615","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: Concepts and controversy","volume":"81","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i13.1246","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research","volume":"6","author":"Leon","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2011.8.432","article-title":"Metabolic Memory and Individual Treatment Aims in Type 2 Diabetes\u2014Outcome-Lessons Learned from Large Clinical Trials","volume":"8","author":"Bianchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400195","article-title":"UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS)\u2013VIII. Study design, progress and performance","volume":"34","author":"Turner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Group TDC and CTR (1993). The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med., 329, 977\u2013986.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2024, September 25). Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial: Design and Methods. Available online: https:\/\/www.AJConline.org."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2283","article-title":"Nine-Year Effects of 3.7 Years of Intensive Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Gerstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7141.2008.00006.x","article-title":"Diabetes control and cardiovascular risk: ACCORD, ADVANCE, AVOID, and SANDS","volume":"11","author":"Liebson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09558-5","article-title":"Review of the veteran affairs diabetes trial: Lessons learned","volume":"21","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f4533","article-title":"Severe hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis with bias analysis","volume":"347","author":"Goto","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3132\/dvdr.2008.036","article-title":"Four decades of uncertainty: Landmark trials in glycaemic control and cardiovascular outcome in type 2 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Matthews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diab Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032099","article-title":"Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanistic Links, Clinical Data, and Future Directions","volume":"137","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"CD006063","article-title":"Rosiglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2007","author":"Richter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq016","article-title":"The rise and fall of rosiglitazone","volume":"31","author":"Nissen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1737","article-title":"A diabetes outcome progression trial (ADOPT): An international multicenter study of the comparative efficacy of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Viberti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69420-8","article-title":"Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"368","author":"Gerstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072761","article-title":"Effect of Rosiglitazone on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death from Cardiovascular Causes","volume":"356","author":"Nissen","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39244.394456.DB","article-title":"FDA places \u201cblack box\u201d warning on antidiabetes drugs","volume":"334","author":"Tanne","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60953-3","article-title":"Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): A multicentre, randomised, open-label trial","volume":"373","author":"Home","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"24","article-title":"FDA Lifts Restrictions on Rosiglitazone","volume":"114","author":"Aschenbrenner","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJN Am. J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2024, September 25). Federal Register: Guidance for Industry on Diabetes Mellitus-Evaluating Cardiovascular Risk in New Antidiabetic Therapies to Treat Type 2 Diabetes; Availability, Available online: https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2008\/12\/19\/E8-30086\/guidance-for-industry-on-diabetes-mellitus-evaluating-cardiovascular-risk-in-new-antidiabetic."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s202","article-title":"Impact of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Cardiovascular Assessment Requirements on the Development of Novel Antidiabetes Drugs","volume":"34","author":"Hirshberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2016.02.017","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcome trials for anti-diabetes medication: A holy grail of drug development?","volume":"68","author":"John","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-011-0229-7","article-title":"Impact of FDA guidance for developing diabetes drugs on trial design: From policy to practice","volume":"14","author":"Bethel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02180-8","article-title":"CVOT Summit Report 2023: New cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Schnell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_494","article-title":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights and Opportunities for Cardiovascular Protection","volume":"1307","author":"Bertoccini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"17","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Steiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4\u00dfmedizin"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004967","article-title":"Cardiovascular Outcomes with Ertugliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Cannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225","article-title":"Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"101","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Ther. Bull."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","article-title":"Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32261-X","article-title":"Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): A double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): A double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","article-title":"Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01584-3","article-title":"Subcutaneous infusion of exenatide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Ruff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0039","article-title":"ITCA 650","volume":"36","author":"Bertsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2501006","article-title":"Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"392","author":"McGuire","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90089-7","article-title":"Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: The Framingham study","volume":"34","author":"Kannel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.311371","article-title":"Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Impact of Glucose-Lowering Agents, Heart Failure Therapies, and Novel Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"124","author":"Kenny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13881","article-title":"Primary versus secondary cardiorenal prevention in type 2 diabetes: Which newer anti-hyperglycaemic drug matters?","volume":"22","author":"Giugliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307684","article-title":"Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"369","author":"Scirica","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2174\/22123911MTA5pMzA20","article-title":"Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of DPP-4 Inhibitors","volume":"16","author":"Subrahmanyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"77","article-title":"Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Austrian J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501352","article-title":"Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18269","article-title":"Effect of Linagliptin vs Placebo on Major Cardiovascular Events in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk: The CARMELINA Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"321","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60794-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Holman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2012). Basal Insulin and Cardiovascular and Other Outcomes in Dysglycemia. N. Engl. J. Med., 367, 319\u2013328.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203858"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615692","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Marso","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01429-5","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: A comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials","volume":"400","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022190","article-title":"Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure","volume":"383","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206286","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"387","author":"Solomon","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038","article-title":"Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"385","author":"Anker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavrakanas, T.A., Tsoukas, M.A., Brophy, J.M., Sharma, A., and Gariani, K. (2023). SGLT-2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with CKD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci. Rep., 13, Available online: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-42989-z.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42989-z"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecis, D., Prandi, F.R., Barone, L., Belli, M., Sergi, D., Longo, S., Muscoli, S., Romeo, F., Federici, M., and Lerakis, S. (2023). Beyond the Cardiovascular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Body Slimming and Plaque Stabilization. Are New Statins Born?. Biomolecules, 13, Available online: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10741698\/.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13121695"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563","article-title":"Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Lincoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes: Developed by the task force for the management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Vrints","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00469-0","article-title":"Semaglutide versus placebo in people with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A pooled analysis of the STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials","volume":"403","author":"Butler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2013-078","article-title":"The ADVA NCE cardiovascular risk model and current strategies for cardiovascular disease risk evaluation in people with diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Kengne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. J. Afr."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad072","article-title":"Risk factor variability and cardiovascular risk among patients with diabetes: A nationwide observational study","volume":"30","author":"Ceriello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0225-1","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Bertoluci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X15666191111123622","article-title":"Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes: An Update","volume":"16","author":"Damaskos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00782-5","article-title":"Improved Framingham Risk Scores of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Beijing Community: A 10-Year Prospective Study of the Effects of Multifactorial Interventions on Cardiovascular Risk Factors (The Beijing Communities Diabetes Study 22)","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1010671","article-title":"The UKPDS risk engine: A model for the risk of coronary heart disease in type II diabetes (UKPDS 56)","volume":"101","author":"Stevens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1358","article-title":"Framingham, SCORE, and DECODE risk equations do not provide reliable cardiovascular risk estimates in type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Coleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1681-4","article-title":"The Framingham and UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk equations do not reliably estimate the probability of cardiovascular events in a large ethnically diverse sample of patients with diabetes: The Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) Study","volume":"53","author":"Kengne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30221-8","article-title":"Development and validation of Risk Equations for Complications Of type 2 Diabetes (RECODe) using individual participant data from randomised trials","volume":"5","author":"Basu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2002","article-title":"Validation of risk equations for complications of type 2 diabetes (RECODe) using individual participant data from diverse longitudinal cohorts in the U.S","volume":"41","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy839","article-title":"Prediction of individual life-years gained without cardiovascular events from lipid, blood pressure, glucose, and aspirin treatment based on data of more than 500 000 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus Prevention and epidemiology","volume":"40","author":"Berkelmans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"945","article-title":"Applications of the NDR and DIAL models for risk prediction on cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in Ningbo","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac232","article-title":"Estimating individual lifetime risk of incident cardiovascular events in adults with Type 2 diabetes: An update and geographical calibration of the DIAbetes Lifetime perspective model (DIAL2)","volume":"30","author":"Hageman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05640-y","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk prediction in type 2 diabetes: A comparison of 22 risk scores in primary care settings","volume":"65","author":"Dziopa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109089","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of prediction models","volume":"184","author":"Galbete","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho, J.C., Staimez, L.R., Narayan, K.M.V., Ohno-Machado, L., Simpson, R.L., and Hertzberg, V.S. (2023). Evaluation of available risk scores to predict multiple cardiovascular complications for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using electronic health records. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. Update, 3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpbup.2022.100087"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies with the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N.A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R.R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B.S., Das, S.R., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M.E., and Johnson, E.L. (2024). 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142024. Diabetes Care, 47, S179\u2013S218.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S010"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"41","author":"Cosentino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luca, S.A., Bungau, R.M., Lazar, S., Potre, O., and Timar, B. (2024). To What Extent Does Cardiovascular Risk Classification of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Differ between European Guidelines from 2023, 2021, and 2019? A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina, 60, Available online: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/2\/334\/htm.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60020334"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad260","article-title":"SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe","volume":"44","author":"Pennells","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: Developed by the task force on the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"44","author":"Marx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad263","article-title":"Risk prediction in patients with diabetes: Is SCORE 2D the perfect solution?","volume":"44","author":"Ryden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2025). 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of care in diabetes\u20142025. Diabetes Care, 48, S181\u2013S206.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S009"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.46.5.4","article-title":"Relationship Among Diabetes Distress, Health Literacy, Diabetes Education, Patient-Provider Communication and Diabetes Self-Care","volume":"46","author":"Misra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13119","article-title":"Effect of community-based nurse-led support intervention in the reduction of HbA1c levels","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology5040029","article-title":"Lifestyle Medicine Case Manager Nurses for Type Two Diabetes Patients: An Overview of a Job Description Framework\u2014A Narrative Review","volume":"5","author":"Cangelosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pati\u00f1o-Cardona, S., Garrido-Miguel, M., Pascual-Morena, C., Berlanga-Mac\u00edas, C., Lucer\u00f3n-Lucas-Torres, M., Alfaro-Gonz\u00e1lez, S., and Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, I. (2024). Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid and Glycaemic Profiles: An Umbrella Review. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 11, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39728267\/.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11120377"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derosa, G., D\u2019angelo, A., Angelini, F., Belli, L., Cicero, A.F.G., Da Ros, R., De Pergola, G., Gaudio, G.V., Lupi, A., and Sartore, G. (2024). Nutraceuticals and Supplements in Management of Prediabetes and Diabetes. Nutrients, 17, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39796448\/.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/19\/6877\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T09:45:14Z","timestamp":1759225514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/19\/6877"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14196877"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14196877","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]}}}