{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:34:18Z","timestamp":1782401658170,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiac catheterization may be required in the management of congenital heart diseases. The use of risk scoring or grading systems in these procedures can assist in planning the intervention and predicting potential complications. This study aimed to evaluate the use of risk scores in grading cardiac catheterization procedures in pediatric patients and to investigate their predictive value for serious adverse events (SAEs). Material and Methods: A total of 700 pediatric patients (350 male; median age 1 year [IQR 6 months\u20132 years]) who underwent cardiac catheterization in our catheterization laboratory between 1 January 2023 and 1 January 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical data of the patients, including procedure duration, anesthesia management, Catheterization Risk in Pediatrics Score (CRISP), and serious adverse events related to the procedure, were recorded. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: In total, 50% of the patients were male (n = 350), and 58% (n = 406) had single-ventricle physiology. Interventional procedures were performed in 72% of the cases. The median CRISP score was 8 (IQR 6\u201310). SAEs occurred in 7.7% of the patients (n = 54), most of which were arrhythmia-related. The incidence of SAEs was analyzed according to CRISP score categories. The rates of SAEs in patients with CRISP Categories 1 through 5 were 2.9%, 4.3%, 11%, 17.3%, and 41%, respectively. As the CRISP score and category increased, the incidence of SAEs also increased [area under the curve of 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.76\u20130.92; p &lt; 0.05)]. Conclusions: CRISP may serve as an effective benchmarking and risk classification tool in pediatric cardiac catheterization procedures and can predict SAE occurrence. Therefore, it may have a positive impact on patient care by assisting in the planning of pre- and post-catheterization care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T09:12:23Z","timestamp":1759223543000},"page":"6919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Risk Score Use in Predicting Serious Adverse Events During Cardiac Catheterization Procedures in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4579-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet Hamza Halil","family":"Toprak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice Dilek","family":"\u00d6zcano\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3614-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"Akko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahraman","family":"Yakut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3314-9090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Naz\u0131m","family":"G\u00fczelba\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130brahim Cansaran","family":"Tan\u0131d\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1762-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erkut","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2020.12.010","article-title":"Comparison of echocardiography and 320-row multidetector computed tomography for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children","volume":"40","author":"Topel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Port. De Cardiol. (Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12551","article-title":"Anesthesia and the pediatric cardiac catheterization suite: A review","volume":"25","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.5606\/tgkdc.dergisi.2020.19057","article-title":"The effect of the duration of the procedure on the risk of complications during pediatric cardiac catheterization","volume":"28","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"278","article-title":"Complications of pediatric cardiac catheterization: A review in the current era","volume":"72","author":"Mehta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"478","article-title":"Complications of cardiac catheterization in pediatric patients: A single center experience","volume":"54","author":"Yilmazer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"302","article-title":"CRISP: Catheterization RISk score for Pediatrics: A Report from the Congenital Cardiac Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC)","volume":"87","author":"Nykanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5920.656","article-title":"Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone","volume":"22","author":"Ramsay","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2018.06.008","article-title":"Complications of cardiac catheterization in children with congenital heart disease","volume":"60","author":"Tokel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469900419","article-title":"Neonatal cardiac catheterization: A 10-year transition from diagnosis to therapy","volume":"20","author":"Shim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"912","article-title":"SCAI\/CCAS\/SPA expert consensus statement for anesthesia and sedation practice: Recommendations for patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the pediatric and congenital cardiac catheterization laboratory","volume":"88","author":"Odegard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.959262","article-title":"Proceduretype risk categories for pediatric and congenital cardiac catheterization","volume":"4","author":"Bergersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"97","article-title":"Validation and refinement of the catheterization RISk score for pediatrics (CRISP score): An analysis from the congenital cardiac interventional study consortium","volume":"93","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2022.2008","article-title":"Validation of the Turkish Version of the Catheterization Risk Score for Pediatrics","volume":"26","author":"Vuran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anatol. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"20","article-title":"Aplicaci\u00f3n de una puntuaci\u00f3n de riesgo pedi\u00e1trico para cateterismo cardiaco en una poblaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola con cardiopat\u00eda cong\u00e9nita [Use of a pediatric risk score for cardiac catheterization in a Spanish population with congenital heart disease]","volume":"6","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"REC Interv. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/19\/6919\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T09:52:22Z","timestamp":1759225942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/19\/6919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14196919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14196919","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]}}}