{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:19:44Z","timestamp":1790083184014,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Integrating 3D visualization technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), into dental education may enhance students\u2019 understanding of facial anatomy and clinical procedures. This study aimed to assess dental students\u2019 perceptions of using MR for three-dimensional visualizations of impacted teeth. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients with impacted teeth were retrospectively selected from a university clinic database. The CBCT images were processed to adjust contrast for optimal visualization before being uploaded to MR goggles (HoloLens 2). A total of 114 final-year dental students participated, each manipulating the 3D images in space using the goggles. Following this, they completed a seven-question survey on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree), evaluating image quality and the usefulness of 3D visualization. Results: The study group consisted of 29 males and 85 females (mean age = 24.11 years, SD = 1.48). The most favorable responses were for enhanced visualization of the impacted tooth\u2019s position relative to adjacent structures and the inclusion of 3D image visualization as a teaching aid, which benefited students while learning and allowed them to better understand the course of the procedure for exposure\/extraction of the impacted tooth, with median scores of 1, indicating a highly favorable opinion. A statistically significant relationship was found between the responses of females and males regarding the quality of the presented image using HoloLens 2 goggles. No significant correlation was found between participants with and without prior experience using VR\/MR\/AR. No significant correlation was found between age and responses. Conclusions: Students reported an improved understanding of the relationships between impacted teeth and adjacent structures, as well as potential benefits for clinical training. These findings demonstrate a high level of acceptance of MR technology among students; however, further research is required to objectively assess its effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T09:12:23Z","timestamp":1759223543000},"page":"6930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mixed-Reality Visualization of Impacted Teeth: A Survey of Undergraduate Dental Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0062-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Garlicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w, 31-155 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1037-9742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Bili\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w, 31-155 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0894-0454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Kramarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w, 31-155 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7160-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuba","family":"Chroboci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, 30-054 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5391-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Korzeniowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, 30-054 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr S.","family":"Fudalej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w, 31-155 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine\/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-02110-5","article-title":"A Novel Three-Dimensional Interactive Virtual Face to Facilitate Facial Anatomy Teaching Using Microsoft HoloLens","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. 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