{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:43:46Z","timestamp":1759797826945,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study examines the effect of the 2024 update to the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Sixth Edition, on lower limb impairment determinations in comparison to the 2008 edition. It also explores the broader influence of these changes on regulatory, economic, and adjudicative considerations relevant to physician application and interpretation. Methods: Two experienced evaluators independently reviewed 23 standardized lower limb case scenarios, applying both the 2008 and 2024 methodologies. Each assessment was based solely on clinical history, physical examination findings, and diagnostic test results. Impairment values were then calculated and analyzed for consistency across editions. Results: The 2024 lower limb impairment framework produced outcomes that closely mirrored those of the 2008 edition, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.9962 for the lower limb and 0.9951 for whole-person impairment, underscoring the strong consistency between editions. Conclusions: The revised 2024 edition for lower limb assessment enhances procedural clarity and integrates improved diagnosis-based impairment tools without disrupting prior impairment values. These refinements are intended to improve utility for clinical and nonclinical stakeholders, ensuring reliable evaluations while minimizing systemic disruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14197033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1759757621000},"page":"7033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Impairment Ratings in the AMA Guides Sixth Edition 2024 vs. 2008: Implications for Stakeholders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Mark","family":"Melhorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita, Wichita, KS 67214, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3493-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry","family":"Gelinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Academy of Independent Medical Evaluators, Vancouver, WA 98683, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4148-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNOS Occupational Medicine, Dakota Dunes, SD 57049, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt T.","family":"Hegmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Weber State University, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-2907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Thiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Weber State University, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.01.030","article-title":"A primer for workers\u2019 compensation","volume":"14","author":"Bible","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199903000-00020","article-title":"Correlation between the measures of impairment, according to the modified system of the American Medical Association, and function","volume":"81","author":"Kaplan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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