{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:59:18Z","timestamp":1787839158446,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The majority of parotid gland tumors are benign, while malignant forms are uncommon, affecting fewer than 1 in 100,000 individuals. The main challenge resides in the histopathological complexity and the clinical overlap between benign and malignant parotid tumors, which frequently results in misdiagnosis. Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of parotid gland tumors at a Romanian healthcare center. Materials and methods: A five-year retrospective study was conducted, with the inclusion criterion being the presence of complete clinical, pathological, and surgical records. Results: Of 156 patients included in the study, 67.3% were found to have benign lesions (male\/female ratio 1.14:1), and there was a slight male predominance (53.3%). Partial parotidectomy was the most common surgical intervention for benign parotid tumors (59.6%), whereas total parotidectomy was predominantly indicated for malignant tumors, with facial nerve sacrifice occurring in 20% of cases to ensure complete tumor excision. Patients with benign tumors were found to be younger. Malignant tumors were commonly diagnosed at stage III (36.4%), indicative of more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis showed a high specificity of 96.9%, indicating high accuracy in malignancy suspicion, yet the sensitivity of 56% indicates that a significant number of malignancies were not detected during the initial evaluation. Tumor size was found to be influenced by gender and correlated with surgical methods, suggesting that patient characteristics and tumor biology may impact surgical strategy. Conclusions: This retrospective study highlights differences in gender, tumor size, and surgical approach between benign and malignant parotid gland tumors, offering valuable contributions in terms of diagnostic accuracy and treatment patterns despite a limited number of malignant cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14197087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T08:22:08Z","timestamp":1759911728000},"page":"7087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Benign and Malignant Parotid Gland Tumors: Insights from a Five-Year Northeast Romanian Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4070-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana-Beatrice","family":"Ungureanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I\u2014Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina-Mihaela","family":"Ghiciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II\u2014Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Hospital Sf Maria, 700887 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3978-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Vlad","family":"Costan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ungureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I\u2014Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Saint Emergency Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ianole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I\u2014Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4761-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia-Gabriela Ciobanu","family":"Apostol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I\u2014Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Saint Emergency Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/564053","article-title":"Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid: Extracapsular Dissection Compared with Superficial Parotidectomy\u2014A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"2014","author":"Cristofaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. 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