{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:05:20Z","timestamp":1792209920687,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an increasingly recognized cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by amyloid fibril deposition in the heart, leading to severe functional impairments and poor prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of CA, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying functional capacity limitations and highlighting the importance of precise physiological assessment tools. We focus on objective measures such as cardiopulmonary exercise testing, field-based functional tests, and frailty evaluations that are vital for prognosis and tailoring patient care. With recent advances in disease-modifying therapies extending survival, maintaining and improving functional status through multidisciplinary rehabilitation emerges as a crucial therapeutic target. Evidence suggests that structured aerobic and resistance training can enhance exercise tolerance, strength, and quality of life in CA patients, although further research is needed to optimize rehabilitation protocols. By integrating clinical, physiological, and rehabilitative insights, this review underscores the value of a patient-centered approach aimed at preserving functional capacity and improving outcomes in this complex and systemic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14197111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:35:36Z","timestamp":1760006136000},"page":"7111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Functional Capacity Evaluation and Rehabilitation Strategies in Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8251-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthoula","family":"Plevritaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Giofirakia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Volaklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Nakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, City St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0321-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Davos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kopidakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Venizeleion Gereral Hospital, 71409 Iraklio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5255-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleftherios","family":"Kallergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Giofirakia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Savva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Giofirakia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Simantirakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Giofirakia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7711-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Aleksova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Marketou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Giofirakia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006075","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006075","article-title":"Expert consensus recommendations for the suspicion and diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"12","author":"Maurer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. 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