{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:46:38Z","timestamp":1760143598692,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the main diagnostic technology used to detect damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. However, it remains unclear which OCT parameter demonstrates the best diagnostic performance for eyes with early, especially preperimetric glaucoma (PPG). We determined the diagnostic performance of ganglion cell\u2013inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) parameters using spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in primary open-angle preperimetric and early perimetric glaucoma and compared them with optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) parameters. Methods: We analyzed 101 eyes: 36 normal eyes, 33 with PPG, and 32 with early perimetric glaucoma. All patients underwent Topcon SD\u2013OCT imaging using the Optic Disc and Macular Vertical protocols. The diagnostic abilities of the GCIPL, rim area, vertical cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and pRNFL were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: For PPG, the AUCs ranged from 0.60 to 0.63 (GCIPL), 0.82 to 0.86 (ONH), and 0.49 to 0.75 (pRNFL). For early perimetric glaucoma, the AUCs for GCIPL and pRNFL ranged from 0.81 to 0.88 and 0.57 to 0.91, respectively, whereas both ONH parameters demonstrated an AUC of 0.89. The GCIPL parameters were significantly lower than both ONH parameters in detecting preperimetric glaucoma (p &lt; 0.05). For early perimetric glaucoma, comparisons between the AUCs of the best-performing mGCIPL parameters and those of the best-performing pRNFL and ONH parameters revealed no significant differences in their diagnostic abilities (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: GCIPL parameters exhibited a diagnostic performance comparable to that of ONH and pRNFL parameters for early perimetric glaucoma. However, their ability to detect preperimetric glaucoma was significantly lower than the ONH parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14197117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:47:08Z","timestamp":1760104028000},"page":"7117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Ganglion Cell\u2013Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in the Diagnosis of Preperimetric and Early Perimetric Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0354-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona Anita","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 54\/56 Krasi\u0144skiego Street, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek Edmund","family":"Prost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 54\/56 Krasi\u0144skiego Street, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"R\u00f3\u017cycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 54\/56 Krasi\u0144skiego Street, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2304","article-title":"Morphology of single ganglion cells in the glaucomatous primate retina","volume":"39","author":"Weber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Investig. 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