{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:17:38Z","timestamp":1779153458517,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Managing pain with intrathecal infusion pumps has significantly improved the treatment of individuals whose pain is uncontrollable by other methods. Using ultrasound to locate the refill port of these infusion pumps may offer an improvement over traditional methods. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to update existing knowledge on the use of ultrasound for locating the refill port in intrathecal infusion pumps. Methods: The PRISMA review protocol was followed, and the review was registered in PROSPERO under registration number CRD 42024595671. Results: The main findings indicate that this technique is primarily used only in complex cases where access is difficult. Pain assessment, patient satisfaction, and recharge time compared to the traditional method are crucial factors for selecting the type of process to implement. Conclusions: No conclusive data are presented regarding the technique\u2019s effect on pain reduction, patient satisfaction, reduction in time spent refilling the pump, or the prior experience level of the professional performing it, but notable improvements in these aspects are observed in certain situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14207178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:12:29Z","timestamp":1760523149000},"page":"7178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrasound-Guided Localization of the Refill Port for Intrathecal Infusion Pump Recharge: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6013-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Lechuga Carrasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virgen de las Nieves, University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7265-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Cordero Tous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virgen de las Nieves, University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Reinoso-Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga\u2014Teatinos, Arquitecto Francisco Pe\u00f1alosa 3, 29071 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4019-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4650-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2086-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Blanque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"G\u00e1lvez Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virgen de las Nieves, University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Types of pain and the WHO therapeutic ladder: Iatrogenic pain","volume":"28","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Rey-Ares, L., Bardach, A., Pichon-Riviere, A., Augustovski, F., Garc\u00eda Mart\u00ed, S., Alcaraz, A., Ciapponi, A., and L\u00f3pez, A. 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