{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:06:49Z","timestamp":1777493209568,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012676","name":"NCAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OSP 209924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OSP 209924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012676","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sports-related concussions can result in prolonged symptoms and deficiencies in stability and balance. Effective and standardized rehabilitation protocols remain limited. This case report introduces a novel balance training program using virtual reality and force plate technology to address persistent post-concussion symptoms. Methods: A 20-year-old National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football player with a history of multiple concussions and balance-related symptoms completed a 10-week intervention. The program utilized a multi-axis force platform and immersive visual tasks to train vestibular, oculomotor, and proprioceptive systems. Each weekly session consisted of seven tasks progressing in difficulty, which were completed three times per session. Performance was measured by the percentage of time a digital cursor remained within task boundaries using the distribution of their center of mass. Symptom self-reports were also recorded. Results: Cumulative mean performance improved from 75.87% in the first session to 91.67% in the final session. All individual template scores increased, including those on the most complex template, which rose from 55.76% to 80.20%. The patient also reported reduced dizziness, disorientation, and improved functional balance across the 10-week period. Conclusions: This virtual-reality-based balance training program shows promise in resolving persistent post-concussion symptoms. Its objective measurement, engaging format, and ease of use suggest potential for broader application in concussion rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14207229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T11:57:42Z","timestamp":1760529462000},"page":"7229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sub-Symptom Threshold Balance Training Facilitates Post-Concussion Syndrome Symptom Resolution Beyond Balance Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3890-7679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zach","family":"Napora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 19 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 19 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Vurraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 19 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 19 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 19 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00640.x","article-title":"Role of Microvascular Disruption in Brain Damage from Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"5","author":"Logsdon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr. 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