{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T02:53:16Z","timestamp":1773715996521,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010609","name":"Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study retrospectively evaluated maxillary sinus volume changes and linear changes in the craniofacial region after Le Fort I distraction osteogenesis using a rigid external distraction system. Methods: Ten patients who underwent LeFort 1 distraction osteogenesis between 2012 and 2025 were included in the study. Computed tomography scans and lateral cephalograms were obtained before and 12.3 \u00b1 6.98 months after the surgery. The associated volumes of the maxillary left and right sinuses were subsequently measured using the semiautomatic segmentation method in the ITK-SNAP software. Linear measurements of the sinuses and cephalometric analysis were performed before and after the distraction. Results: The Wits appraisal (distance between perpendicular lines drawn from point A (on the maxilla) and point B (on the mandible) to the occlusal plane) presented an increase of 9.33 mm \u00b1 7.93 mm, corresponding to an increase in the ANB angle by 9.88\u00b0 \u00b1 5.35\u00b0. There were statistically significant increases in the total sinus volume, by 3965 mm3 \u00b1 5456 mm3 (n = 10, p = 0.047), and in the single maxillary sinus volume, by 1983 \u00b1 2889 mm3 (n = 20, p = 0.003). A significant increase in height was also observed, with a mean value of 4.46 \u00b1 2.94 mm (n = 20). Conclusions: Extraoral bone-anchored midface distraction osteogenesis led to increases in single sinus volume, total sinus volume and sinus height in the cleft cohort, resulting in improved maxillary retrusion and profile. However, the study group was small and non-uniform with different follow-up periods, indicating a need for further studies with larger, more homogenous cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14207422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1761058399000},"page":"7422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Volume Changes Following Bone-Anchored Midface Distraction Osteogenesis in Cleft Patients: A Case\u2013Series Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1696-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ko\u0142odziejska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Al. Zwyci\u0119stwa 42c, 80-210 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"},{"name":"Orthodontic Department, Regional Specialist Children\u2019s Hospital, Ul. \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patryk","family":"Ko\u0142odziejski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery for Children and Adolescents Olsztyn, Regional Specialist Children\u2019s Hospital, Ul. \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3998-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Gutowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Department, Regional Specialist Children\u2019s Hospital, Ul. \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Dowgierd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery for Children and Adolescents Olsztyn, Regional Specialist Children\u2019s Hospital, Ul. \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Predko-Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Stomatologia Predko-Engel, Ul. Jerzego Waszyngtona 32\/lok. 19, 15-304 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Jurczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Department, Regional Specialist Children\u2019s Hospital, Ul. \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7605-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Dowgierd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery for Children and Adolescents Olsztyn, Regional Specialist Children\u2019s Hospital, Ul. \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Head and Neck Surgery for Children and Adolescents, Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Ul. \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199109000-00011","article-title":"The embryonic development of the lateral nasal wall from 8 to 24 weeks","volume":"101","author":"Bingham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20774","article-title":"The Development and Pathologic Processes that Influence Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization","volume":"291","author":"Lawson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anat. 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