{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:21:31Z","timestamp":1792167691434,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of recurrent hospitalisations worldwide, largely driven by acute episodes of decompensation. Early identification of impending decompensation could enable timely intervention and potentially prevent costly admissions. Non-invasive wearable devices have emerged as promising tools for continuously monitoring physiological parameters and detecting early signs of deterioration. This review summarises recent advances in wearable technologies designed to predict HF decompensation and appraises their ability to generate clinically useful alerts. It will examine various modalities designed to monitor different aspects of cardiorespiratory physiology that have the potential to detect abnormalities preceding heart failure decompensation. Broadly, these devices either monitor physical activity capacity and cardiac function or monitor changes in pulmonary fluid congestion. We will also cover evidence exploring whether these devices can generate timely alerts for interventions to improve patient outcomes and reduce hospitalisations. However, despite advances in these technologies, challenges remain regarding their accuracy and usability for remote monitoring, as well as concerns with data storage, processing, patient adherence, and integration into existing healthcare workflows. While current limitations exist, previous results warrant further research into this area, with a focus on larger randomised trials, exploring both single- and multi-sensor systems, using artificial intelligence and cost-effectiveness analysis. Overall, non-invasive wearables represent an opportunity to create a more proactive approach to HF management, with the potential to shift the paradigm from reactive treatment to anticipatory care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14207423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1761058399000},"page":"7423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Non-Invasive Wearable Technology to Predict Heart Failure Decompensation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Devin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey JE1 3QS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6535-4160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eden","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey JE1 3QS, UK"},{"name":"Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"McGagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey JE1 3QS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey JE1 3QS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Le Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey JE1 3QS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J. M.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-9645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R. J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey JE1 3QS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7650-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey JE1 3QS, UK"},{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013","article-title":"Global Burden of Heart Failure: A Comprehensive and Updated Review of Epidemiology","volume":"118","author":"Savarese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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