{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:19:01Z","timestamp":1791847141914,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Diakonessenhuis","award":["32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injections are regularly used to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, consensus regarding the long-term efficacy of BTX-A for TMD-related myalgia remains lacking. This pragmatic, practice-based clinical study aimed to evaluate the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of pain, health status, quality of life, and function after BTX-A injections in patients with TMD-related myalgia. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 35 patients with TMD-related myalgia who received BTX-A injections in the masseter and temporalis muscles. The Visual Analogue Scale for pain, the EQ-5D-3L for health status, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 for oral health-related quality of life, the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire for function and the maximum interincisal opening were assessed before treatment and at one, three and six months follow-up. Results: Patients reported a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction in pain (p &lt; 0.001), improvement of health status (p \u2264 0.003), and oral health-related quality of life (p &lt; 0.001) at one-month follow-up, which remained present at three and six months post-treatment. Self-reported mandibular function and active and passive mouth opening showed no significant change over all time points. Conclusions: In this pragmatic cohort, BTX-A injections in the masseter and temporalis muscles seem to improve pain and oral health-related quality of life in patients with TMD-related myalgia within one month and show effects lasting up to six months, while mandibular function did not improve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14217494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T08:14:04Z","timestamp":1761207244000},"page":"7494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Botulinum Toxin for Temporomandibular-Related Myalgia: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2205-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn","family":"van Soest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Diakonessenhuis, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academy of Paramedical Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Fysiotherapie Utrecht Oost, 3581 WD Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianne","family":"Remijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Paramedical Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2980-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fysiotherapie Utrecht Oost, 3581 WD Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egbert","family":"van der Hoeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Diakonessenhuis, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurens","family":"Koppendraaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Diakonessenhuis, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0802-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurits","family":"de Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Diakonessenhuis, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.02.007","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the management of temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review","volume":"58","author":"Thambar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. 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