{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:36:56Z","timestamp":1781613416751,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This case-based review examines the spectrum of leukemic ocular involvement, focusing on its prognostic implications. A rare case of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a 63-year-old man is presented, featuring simultaneous orbital proptosis, adnexal involvement, choroidal and retinal infiltration, and hemorrhagic changes affecting both the anterior and posterior segments. This constellation of findings, affecting multiple ocular structures concurrently, highlights the eye\u2019s potential role as a sanctuary site for leukemic cells and underscores the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing direct infiltration from treatment-related or secondary vascular damage. This case, integrated with a literature review, emphasizes that multifocal ocular signs may serve as early indicators of leukemic relapse and reinforce the need for close collaboration between ophthalmologists and hematologists in guiding patient management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14217506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T02:34:45Z","timestamp":1761273285000},"page":"7506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multifocal Ocular Manifestations Heralding Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9280-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvia","family":"Mastrogiuseppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Medicine and Dentistry Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmela","family":"Saturno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Medicine and Dentistry Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Minotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Angi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian, 1, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6978-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Marenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Medicine and Dentistry Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909303411407","article-title":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"341","author":"Lowenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. 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