{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:24:17Z","timestamp":1761895457350,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea","award":["2025-ACHCC-L26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ACHCC-L26"]}]},{"name":"Accountable Care Hospital Connected Care (ACHCC) Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To evaluate the effects of respiratory exercises and stabilization techniques on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study and a single community-based hospital. Thirty-nine patients with COVID-19 completed the study, of which 20 underwent respiratory exercises and stabilization techniques, while the rest (19 patients) did not. Respiratory exercises and stabilization techniques comprised diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing, square box breathing, huff coughing, and progressive muscle relaxation. Outcomes were assessed using the Modified Borg Scale (MBS), the Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale (BCSS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for mental health. Questionnaires were administered at admission, discharge, and 6 months after discharge. Results: Patients who received respiratory exercises and stabilization techniques showed significant improvements in MBS (p = 0.0001) and BCSS scores (p = 0.002) at discharge. However, there were no significant long-term effects on these physical symptoms. Significant interaction in HADS scores were also observed. Conclusions: Although there were no significant long-term effects, respiratory exercises and stabilization techniques resulted in short-term improvements in the physical and mental health of patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14217730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:28:43Z","timestamp":1761888523000},"page":"7730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises and Stabilization Techniques on Patients with COVID-19: Quasi-Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jae Hyu","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center, Anseong 17568, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center, Anseong 17568, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Young","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215818","article-title":"\u2018Long-COVID\u2019: A cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Mandal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101132","article-title":"Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement. 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PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287118"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/21\/7730\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:50:49Z","timestamp":1761889849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/21\/7730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14217730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14217730","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}}}