{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:47:00Z","timestamp":1789469220609,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Neonates and children are at high risk of medication errors (ME) with intravenous (IV) infusion therapies, particularly when strategies such as the \u201crule of six\u201d with individualized, weight-based concentrations are used. Standard concentrations (SCs) have been proposed to reduce variability, improve safety, and facilitate the use of electronic prescribing and smart infusion technologies. The impact of SCs for continuous IV infusions on ME rates in neonatal and pediatric settings was systematically evaluated. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL (database inception-August 2025) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies implementing SCs for neonatal or pediatric IV infusions and measuring outcomes referring to ME rates were included. The relative risk reduction\/increase in MEs was calculated. Results: Five uncontrolled before-after studies published between 2005 and 2020 were included. The relative risk reductions ranged from 41.2% to 95.1% for overall ME and from 49.7% to 100% for selected error types. In two studies, the relative risk for two error types (paper-generated prescriptions, administration) increased after implementing SCs. Reviewed benefits included decreased calculation and preparation errors, reduced medication process times, improved workflow efficiency and high staff satisfaction. Conclusions: SCs may contribute to safer IV infusion practice in the neonatal and pediatric setting, especially combined with smart technologies and training. However, current evidence is limited and heterogeneous. Larger, prospective experimental studies are needed to confirm their long-term impact on pediatric ME rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14227965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T15:07:31Z","timestamp":1762787251000},"page":"7965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effect of Standard Concentration Infusions on Medication Errors in Neonatal and Pediatric Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2223-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Wende","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schoberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almuth","family":"Kaune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7561-3050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen B.","family":"Kreutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University Children\u2019s Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Orlikowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanna","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Evelina London Children\u2019s Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8275-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Nydert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Drug Therapy Group, Astrid Lindgren Children\u2019s Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albrecht","family":"Eisert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00856-9","article-title":"Prevalence and Nature of Medication Errors and Preventable Adverse Drug Events in Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Settings: A Systematic Review","volume":"42","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Systematic Literature Review of Hospital Medication Administration Errors in Children","volume":"4","author":"Ameer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr. 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