{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:59:16Z","timestamp":1763139556513,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["DI2018 020648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DI2018 020648"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vasopressin (AVP) and its V1a receptor (V1aR) are involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. Limited evidence suggests that AVP may also contribute to respiratory regulation. Arterial chemoreflex is the main reflex involved in cardiorespiratory regulation and is triggered from the carotid bodies (CBs), specialized organs that detect changes in arterial blood content. Both increased activity of the vasopressinergic system and enhanced arterial chemoreflex have been found in hypertension. Here, we aimed at determining cardiorespiratory responses to AVP in normo- and hypertensive rats and the involvement of CBs and V1aRs. Methods: Experiments were performed in urethane-anesthetized adult male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR), femoral artery blood flow (FABF), minute ventilation (MV), respiratory rate (RR), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) were recorded. We evaluated cardiorespiratory responses to arterial chemoreflex activation with potassium cyanide, intravenous AVP, V1aR antagonist, and CB denervation. Results: In comparison to normotensive animals, SHR rats had significantly greater resting MABP, HR, MV, and enhanced pressor and ventilatory components of arterial chemoreflex. CB denervation caused insignificant changes in cardiorespiratory parameters. Intravenous administration of AVP resulted in a significant increase in MABP in both groups, which was greater in SHR rats, and in ventilatory inhibition, which was present only in SHR rats. CB denervation reduced the pressor response to AVP in normotensive rats and abolished the inhibitory effect of AVP on ventilation in SHR rats. Intravenous administration of the V1aR antagonist caused a significantly greater decrease in MABP in the hypertensive group. Only SHR rats responded with an increase in ventilation after the V1aR antagonist. Effects of AVP were abolished after blockade of V1aRs in both groups. Conclusions: Our study indicates that (i) SHR rats show augmented cardiorespiratory response to AVP, (ii) cardiorespiratory effects of AVP depend on V1aRs; and (iii) respiratory effects of AVP in the hypertensive rats appear to be primarily mediated by CBs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14228019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:46:22Z","timestamp":1763138782000},"page":"8019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vasopressin Contributes to Respiratory and Cardiovascular Regulation in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Proczka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of General, Vascular, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4883-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Trzci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Cudnoch-J\u0119drzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Przybylski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Physiology, and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3535-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tymoteusz","family":"\u017bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200218666170119145900","article-title":"Vasopressin and Related Peptides; Potential Value in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Clinical Disorders","volume":"18","author":"Zera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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