{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:08:27Z","timestamp":1763140107397,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2021R1A6A1A03038996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03038996"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Timely and successful treatments for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) depend on early detection. The Multimer Detection System (MDS-OA\u03b2) for quantifying plasma oligomeric amyloid-\u03b2 (OA\u03b2) has shown promise as a biomarker of amyloid disease. The theta-to-alpha ratio (TAR) and theta-to-beta ratio (TBR) are two examples of spectral power metrics that can be used in resting-state quantitative EEG (qEEG) to evaluate brain function non-invasively. This study used resting-state EEG (rEEG) recordings obtained while the subjects were both eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) to investigate the relationship between regional qEEG power ratios and plasma MDS-OA\u03b2 levels in older adults. Methods: The analysis comprised 174 patients between the ages of 60 and 85, with 2 in the low-MDS-OA\u03b2 group and 82 in the high-MDS-OA\u03b2 group. The clinical plasma cutoff was 0.78 ng\/mL. All participants underwent rEEG recordings and plasma OA\u03b2 quantification. EEG pre-processing included bandpass filtering (0.5\u2013100 Hz), average re-referencing, artifact rejection using independent component analysis (ICA), and spectral power estimation using Welch\u2019s method. The TAR and TBR were calculated across five lobar regions (frontal, central, parietal, occipital, and temporal) during both EO and EC conditions. To normalize data distributions, EEG ratio variables were log-transformed prior to statistical analysis. Group comparisons and linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between EEG power ratios and MDS-OA\u03b2 levels. Adjusted regression models included age, years of education, and neuropsychological test scores as covariates. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: No significant associations were found between TAR and plasma MDS-OA\u03b2 levels across any lobar regions under either EO or EC conditions. In contrast, TBR exhibited consistent and significant negative associations with MDS-OA\u03b2 levels, particularly under EC conditions. Adjusted regression models revealed that higher MDS-OA\u03b2 levels were associated with lower TBR values in the central (\u03b2 = \u22120.059, p = 0.015), parietal (\u03b2 = \u22120.072, p = 0.006), occipital (\u03b2 = \u22120.067, p = 0.040), and temporal (\u03b2 = \u22120.053, p = 0.018) lobes, with the strongest inverse relationship observed in the parietal lobe. A similar, though slightly weaker, pattern was observed during EO conditions, with significant inverse associations in the frontal, central, and temporal lobes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that, after adjusting for covariates, increased plasma MDS-OA\u03b2 levels are significantly associated with a reduced TBR, particularly in the parietal and central lobes, under both EO and EC resting-state conditions. In contrast, no significant associations were observed with TAR. These results suggest that a lower TBR may reflect an increased peripheral amyloid burden and highlight its potential as a sensitive qEEG biomarker for early amyloid-related brain changes in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14228069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:46:22Z","timestamp":1763138782000},"page":"8069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of qEEG TAR and TBR During Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed with Plasma Oligomeric Amyloid-\u03b2 Levels in an Aging Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2845-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chanda","family":"Simfukwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8123-6183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Soo A.","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2742-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Chul","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeena","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00432-x","article-title":"Updates in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From basic research to diagnosis and therapies","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. 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