{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:55:03Z","timestamp":1773251703532,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Lymphedema is a disabling condition that is both underdiagnosed and undertreated. Epidemiological data on this disease is sparse. Methods: The prevalence of lymphedema was studied in hospitalized patients registered in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the United States (US) from 2016 to 2020. ICD-10 codes related to lymphedema were utilized to identify eligible cases. We studied comorbidity burden and outcomes during hospitalizations, including in-hospital fatality, length of stay and total charges per hospitalization. Results: Lymphedema was present in 0.45% (n = 792,475) of all hospitalizations; with prevalence increasing from 0.40% in 2016 to 0.50% in 2020. Lymphedema-mentioning hospitalizations peaked in July. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57\u201377) years; A total of 60% were female. Most lymphedema-mentioning hospitalizations were emergency admissions (90%). The most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (77%), obesity (58%), diabetes mellitus (42%), phlegmon (38%), renal disease (32%), chronic pulmonary disease (31%), and cancer (26%). The in-hospital fatality rate was 2.3%, the median length of stay was 5 (IQR: 3\u20138) days, and each hospitalization incurred a median of 36,304 (IQR: 20,431, 67,171) US dollars, roughly three times higher than the average hospitalization costs in the NIS in the same period. Conclusions: This represents the first comprehensive nationwide study of the epidemiological and economic burden of lymphedema among hospitalized patients in the US. The findings highlight that lymphedema, although underdiagnosed, affects a significant number of patients and is associated with a considerable burden of both comorbidities and costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14228156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:55:31Z","timestamp":1763556931000},"page":"8156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiological Study of Lymphedema Prevalence and Comorbidities in Hospitalized Patients in the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6106-1568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"G\u00e9rard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis T.","family":"Farmakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4466-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Hobohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Kucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Barco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Grigorean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022","article-title":"Lymphedema: Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations","volume":"77","author":"Grada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/22\/8156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:24:17Z","timestamp":1763558657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/22\/8156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14228156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14228156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}}}