{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:10:31Z","timestamp":1787771431212,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the most clinically useful questionnaires in UI diagnosis and determine their optimal applicability to specific types of UI. Methods: The MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched using the following MeSH terms in titles and abstracts: (\u201cquestionnaires and urinary incontinence\u201d OR \u201cquestionnaires and quality of life\u201d). No language restrictions were applied, and the search was limited to studies involving human subjects. Results: Numerous methods are available to assess the severity of incontinence and its symptoms. Objective measures recommended for the evaluation of urinary incontinence in women include simple investigations combined with thorough clinical history taking. However, these methods alone do not adequately capture patients\u2019 perceptions of their symptoms or their impact on quality of life. To obtain a comprehensive assessment, the International Consultation on Incontinence recommends combining subjective and objective measures. Thus, evaluating urinary incontinence should include both the severity of symptoms and the extent to which they affect daily life. Conclusions: Questionnaires (Qs), as patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, are valuable tools for identifying and diagnosing dysfunction, assessing its severity, evaluating its impact on quality of life (QoL), and measuring improvement or satisfaction following treatment. Accurate assessment of clinical symptoms and their impact on health-related QoL has become central to contemporary medical outcomes research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14228196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:55:31Z","timestamp":1763556931000},"page":"8196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Advantages and Disadvantages of Commonly Used Urinary Incontinence Questionnaires\u2014How to Correctly Choose Questionnaire in Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Skorupska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23897","article-title":"An International Continence Society (ICS) Report on the Terminology for Adult Male Lower Urinary Tract and Pelvic Floor Symptoms and Dysfunction","volume":"38","author":"Haylen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02903.x","article-title":"The quality of life in women with urinary incontinence as measured by the Sickness Impact Pro\u00a2le","volume":"39","author":"Hunskaar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szabo, T., Mitranovici, M.I., Moraru, L., Costachescu, D., Caravia, L.G., Bernad, E., Ivan, V., Apostol, A., Munteanu, M., and Puscasiu, L. (2025). Innovations in Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Narrative Review. Medicina, 61.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61071272"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2022, January 01). Available online: www.iciq.net."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20041","article-title":"ICIQ: A brief and robust measure for evaluating the symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence","volume":"23","author":"Avery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Cardozo, L., Khoury, S., and Wein, A. (2001). Symptom and quality of life assessment. Incontinence: Proceedings of the Second International Consultation on Incontinence, Health Publication Ltd.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(04)74212-8","article-title":"Validation of the Spanish version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. A questionnaire for assessing the urinary incontinence","volume":"122","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"338","article-title":"The diagnostic value of chosen questionnaires (UDI 6SF, Gaudenz, MESA, ICIQ-SF and King\u2019s Health Questionnaire) in diagnosis of different types of women\u2019s urinary incontinence","volume":"79","author":"Kieres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m, E., Asklund, I., Lindam, A., and Samuelsson, E. (2024). Minimum important difference of the ICIQ-UI SF score after self-management of urinary incontinence. BMC Womens Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-02947-x"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00348-4","article-title":"The International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire: www.iciq.net","volume":"175","author":"Abrams","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20689","article-title":"Correlations between the ICIQ-UI short form and urodynamic diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Rotar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"513","article-title":"The impact of urodynamics on treatment and outcomes in women with an overactive bladder: A longitudinal prospective follow-up study","volume":"29","author":"Verghese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11006.x","article-title":"A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women","volume":"104","author":"Kelleher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. ObstetGynaecol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00129.x","article-title":"How much is enough and who says so?","volume":"111","author":"Kelleher","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023422208910","article-title":"Multinational study of reliability and validity of the King\u2019s Health Questionnaire in patients with overactive bladder","volume":"12","author":"Reese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2010.14.3.133","article-title":"Quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: A systematic literature review","volume":"14","author":"Kwon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Neurourol. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3089-2","article-title":"King\u2019s Health Questionnaire to assess subjective outcomes after surgical treatment for urinary incontinence: Can it be useful?","volume":"28","author":"Luz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382004000600005","article-title":"Concurrent validity, internal consistency and responsiveness of the Portuguese version of the King\u2019s Health Questionnaire (KHQ) in women after stress urinary incontinence surgery","volume":"30","author":"Tamanini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Braz. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2808-4","article-title":"The \u201c1-3-5 cough test\u201d: Comparing the severity of urodynamic stress incontinence with severity measures of subjective perception of stress urinary incontinence","volume":"27","author":"Grigoriadis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20530","article-title":"Mixed urinary symptoms: What are the urodynamic findings?","volume":"27","author":"Digesu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04500-4","article-title":"Validation of the UDI-6 and the ICIQ-UI SF-Croation version","volume":"31","author":"Mikus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451721","article-title":"Health-related quality of life measures for women with urinary incontinence: The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory","volume":"3","author":"Shumaker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930140206","article-title":"Short Forms to Assess Life Quality Symptom Distress for Urinary Incontinence in Women: The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory","volume":"14","author":"Uebersax","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2016.321","article-title":"Relationship between urinary incontinence symptoms and urodynamic findings using a validated Arabic questionnaire","volume":"36","author":"AlTaweel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"171","article-title":"Development and validation of the Polish version of the Urogenital Distress Inventory short form and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire short form","volume":"215","author":"Skorupska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. ObstetGynecolReprod Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00246-0","article-title":"Predictability of urodynamic findings based on the Urogenital Distress Inventory questionnaire","volume":"54","author":"Lemack","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000445807","article-title":"The Correlation of Urethral Pressure Profilometry Data in Women with Different Types of Urinary Incontinence","volume":"97","author":"Sharipova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20821","article-title":"Comparison of ambulatory versus conventional urodynamics in females with urinary incontinence","volume":"29","author":"Dokmeci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20698","article-title":"Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network. Mixed incontinence: Comparing definitions in women having stress incontinence surgery","volume":"28","author":"Brubaker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000422","article-title":"Rasch analysis of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire short version (IIQ-7) in women with urinary incontinence","volume":"43","author":"Monticone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Rehabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S169014","article-title":"TVT versus TOT in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10005","article-title":"Identifying cut-off scores with neural networks for interpretation of the incontinence impact questionnaire","volume":"21","author":"Corcos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"752","article-title":"Is there a correlation between abdominal leak pressure point, incontinence severity and quality of life in patients with stress urinary incontinence?","volume":"71","author":"Arribillaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Esp. Urol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016370925601","article-title":"Psychometric validation of an overactive bladder syndrome and health- related quality of life questionnaire: The OAB-q","volume":"11","author":"Coyne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-0706-1","article-title":"The responsiveness of the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q)","volume":"14","author":"Coyne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-004-0079-6","article-title":"A review of quality of life questionnaires for urinary incontinence and overactive bladder: Which ones to use and why?","volume":"5","author":"Matza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Urol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00454-3","article-title":"Quality of life of women with urinary incontinence:further development of the incontinence quality of life instrument (I-QOL)","volume":"53","author":"Patrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80384-7","article-title":"Quality of life of persons with urinary incontinence: Development of a new mesure","volume":"47","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"76","article-title":"Mixed urinary incontinence symptoms: Urodynamic findings, incontinence severity, and treatment response","volume":"102","author":"Bump","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obtet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.375","article-title":"Relationship between patients report and physician assessment of urinary incontinence severity","volume":"189","author":"Melville","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12503","article-title":"An evaluative review of questionnaires recommended for the assessment of quality of life and symptom severity in women with urinary incontinence","volume":"23","author":"Hewison","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.08.004","article-title":"The Minimum Clinically Important Difference of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaires (ICIQ-UI SF and ICIQ-LUTSqol)","volume":"133","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Bowling, A., and Ebrahim, E. (2005). Techniques of questionnaire design. Handbook of Health Research Methods: Investigation, Measurement and Analysis, Open University Press."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1996)15:6<630::AID-NAU4>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Development of a symptom severity index and a symptom impact index for stress incontinence in women","volume":"15","author":"Black","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10010","article-title":"Prevalence and correlation of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in Taiwanese women","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/003655901753367587","article-title":"Visual Analogue scale, urinary incontinence severity score, and 15 D-psychometric testing of three different health-related quality-of-life instruments for urinary incontinent women","volume":"35","author":"Kujansuu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01295.x","article-title":"Quality- of-life impact of urge incontinence in older persons: A new measure and conceptual structure","volume":"47","author":"DuBeau","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(94)90020-5","article-title":"Urinary incontinence handicap inventory","volume":"19","author":"Rai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07406.x","article-title":"Measuring the Psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence: The York Incontinence Perceptions Scale (YIPS)","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/22\/8196\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:29:42Z","timestamp":1763558982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/22\/8196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14228196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14228196","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]}}}