{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T14:10:15Z","timestamp":1764166215002,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R38HL167238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R38HL167238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Hematological malignancies (HMs) represent a diverse spectrum of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms involving the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic organs. Better understanding of the burden of HMs in East Asia will allow for more targeted policy and public health efforts. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, we extracted 2021 and 1990\u20132021 trend estimates for total counts and age-standardized rates (per 100,000 person-years) for incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for leukemia and subtypes, multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in East Asia (China, Japan, North Korea, Republic of Korea, Mongolia, and Taiwan). Results: In 2021, the burden of HMs globally and in East Asia was driven by China and Japan. China had the highest global HM burden with 238,051 new cases, 117,188 deaths, and 3.9 million DALYs. NHL and leukemia accounted for the majority of new cases, deaths, and DALYs in all countries. From 1990 to 2021, in most HMs and countries the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased, while the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDALYR) decreased. The notable exception is the significant increase of MM ASIR, ASMR, and ASDALYR in Mongolia, Taiwan, and China, with increases in China by 200\u2013300%. Conclusions: With the significant contribution to the global burden of HMs from China and Japan, diagnosis and treatment of HMs in these two countries should be a primary global health focus. The significant relative increase of MM ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs across many East Asia countries, especially in China, highlights MM as an important public health focus. Significant variations between the other East Asia countries also warrant further country- and disease-specific investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14238381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T13:56:34Z","timestamp":1764165394000},"page":"8381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burden of Hematological Malignancies in East Asia from 1990 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances Dominique V.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines"},{"name":"Health Economics and Finance Program, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City 1101, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rod Carlo","family":"Columbres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Alta Bates Summit Medical Center Sutter Health, Oakland, CA 94609, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7246-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Tudisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0012-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urvish","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aryan","family":"Selokar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishwant","family":"Swami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhav","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6237-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin Jay G.","family":"Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Pasig City 1604, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals\/Elmhurst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, Queens, NY 11373, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic Ivan L.","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital, Bacolod 6100, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod 6100, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6119-0889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward Christopher","family":"Dee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32046-X","article-title":"Cancer\u2019s global epidemiological transition and growth","volume":"395","author":"Kocarnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2012.10.010","article-title":"Meeting the global demands of epidemiologic transition\u2014The indispensable role of cancer prevention","volume":"7","author":"Franceschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. 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