{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T05:17:35Z","timestamp":1764393455062,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2023S1A5B5A17089541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023S1A5B5A17089541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study investigated the association between physical activity (PA) levels and the risk of chronic diseases in Korean adults with sleep deficiency (SD). Methods: Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016\u20132021; n = 31,338). SD was defined as less than 7 h of sleep per night. The PA levels were categorized as low, moderate, or high. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for various chronic diseases, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates. Results: High PA levels were associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity (OR = 0.855, 95% CI = 0.782\u20130.934, p &lt; 0.001), hypertension (OR = 0.787, 95% CI = 0.657\u20130.942, p &lt; 0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.743, 95% CI = 0.622\u20130.887, p &lt; 0.01), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.706, 95% CI = 0.586\u20130.850, p &lt; 0.001). Moderate PA showed similar but weaker associations. Conversely, high PA levels were associated with higher odds of depression (OR = 1.474, 95% CI = 1.123\u20131.935, p &lt; 0.01). Subgroup analyses indicated that the protective effects of PA were stronger among women, non-smokers, and individuals with obesity. Conclusions: Among adults with SD, moderate-to-vigorous PA is associated with a lower odds of several metabolic disorders, including abdominal obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This highlights the importance of regular PA in maintaining metabolic health. However, a positive association between high PA and depression should warrant further investigation, as reverse causality or residual confounding may explain this association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14238398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1764328791000},"page":"8398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Physical Activity Levels and Chronic Disease Risk Among Korean Adults with Sleep Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4819-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongsuk","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Health Studies, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seohyung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong-si 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukyool","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Major, Department of Healthcare Convergence, CHA University, Pocheon-si 11160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Xin, X., and Pan, Y. 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