{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:39:28Z","timestamp":1788788368817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, in which autoimmune mechanisms play a central role. Increasing evidence suggests that AA may be a systemic condition, potentially affecting organs beyond the skin due to shared pathogenic pathways. One proposed mechanism is the breakdown of immune privilege, a protective state that limits immune activity in specific tissues, such as the hair follicle and the eye. Although research on the relationship between AA and ophthalmic comorbidities remains limited, several studies have reported recurrent ocular abnormalities, whether subclinical or symptomatic, appearing at younger ages than typically observed in the general population. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the association between AA and ocular involvement, exploring shared pathogenic mechanisms, clinical eye manifestations, and practical considerations for addressing ocular symptoms in dermatological practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14238409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1764328791000},"page":"8409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ophthalmologic Comorbidities in Alopecia Areata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7650-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piedad M.","family":"Guavita Falla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service, Pedro de Valdivia RedSalud Medical Center, Av. Nueva Providencia 1920, Metropolitan Area, Providencia 7500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4551-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Buend\u00eda-Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014IRYCIS, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Jaen, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0152-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Hermosa-Gelbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014IRYCIS, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Jaen, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2178-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Burgos-Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Burgos-Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014IRYCIS, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Jaen, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2773-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Va\u00f1\u00f3-Galv\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014IRYCIS, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Jaen, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6315-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Saceda-Corralo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014IRYCIS, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Jaen, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"3","author":"Pratt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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