{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:39:04Z","timestamp":1765211944086,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chiesi Poland Sp. z o.o."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To assess the frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their association with lung function in patients treated with ICS\/LABA in everyday medical practice in Poland, we conducted a prospective observational study. Methods: Patients diagnosed with COPD for at least 12 months before enrolment and ambulatory treatment with ICS\/LABA for at least 6 months before study entry were followed up for 2 years after the initial visit. At four subsequent visits, data on pulmonary function, exacerbations, and symptoms were collected. The severity of airflow limitation was assessed using the %pred. (GOLD) and z-scores (ATS\/ERS 2022). Results: At each visit, approximately 80% of the patients had an mMRC \u2265 2 and CAT score \u2265 10. In 330 patients defined as \u2018decliners\u2019, a decrease in FEV1 greater than 100 mL was observed. At the initial visit, 76.5% of patients reported exacerbation of COPD in the 12-month period preceding study entry. At each subsequent visit, fewer exacerbating patients reported hospitalization (from 27.7% at Visit 2 to 18.4% at Visit 4). Regression analysis revealed that the presence of comorbidities and higher mMRC values (OR = 1.556 [CI:1.099\u20132.203], p = 0.013 and OR = 2.656 [CI:2.163; 3.262], p &lt; 0.001, respectively) were independent factors associated with COPD exacerbations. Conclusions: During the 2-year period, pulmonary function and patient-related outcomes, such as severity of dyspnea measured by mMRC score and CAT, were generally stable throughout the study. Symptoms and comorbidities, but not lung function, were associated with the risk of exacerbation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14238544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:20:29Z","timestamp":1765210829000},"page":"8544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exacerbations and Lung Function in Polish Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated with ICS\/LABA: 2-Year Prospective, Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9153-8919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr W.","family":"Boros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Plocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6784-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Pawliczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Science, Medical University of Lodz, 7\/9 Zeligowskiego St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"D\u0119bowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiesi Poland sp. z o.o., Aleje Jerozolimskie 134, 02-305 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60968-9","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"379","author":"Decramer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00012610","article-title":"Prioritised research agenda for prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases","volume":"36","author":"Bousquet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. 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