{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:09:02Z","timestamp":1791238142618,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Current Research Funds 2025, Ministry of Health, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Group-based dance interventions (GBDIs) have emerged as a promising approach to rehabilitation for neurological disorders. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effects of a GBDI on motor function, cognition, fatigue, and quality of life in individuals with Relapsing\u2013Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: The intervention consisted of two 60-min ballet sessions per week over 10 weeks, structured as 10 min of warm-up, 40 min of ballet exercises, and 10 min of stretching. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1). Concerning motor measures, balance was assessed using the Mini-BESTest; gait performance was evaluated through the 6-min walk test (6MWT), four square step test (FSST), and figure-of-8 walk test (F8WT); upper limb motor functions were assessed using the box and block test (BBT) and 9-hole peg test (9HPT). Regarding cognitive functions, the Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), and trail making test A and B (TMT-A\/B) were administered, while fatigue and quality of life were assessed using the modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS) and the Short Form survey-36 (SF-36), respectively. Results: At T1, participants improved in Mini-BESTest (+17.5%), 6MWT (+7.3%), and BBT dominant hand (+6.9%). Performance also improved on the following cognitive tests: RAVLT Immediate Recall (+5.9%), RAVLT Delayed Recall (+20.3%), SDMT (+47.4%), TMT-A (\u221221.2%), and (TMT-B \u221224.5%). Conclusions: The very small sample size (n = 4) and the lack of a control group probably restrict the generalizability of the findings. Consequently, the results obtained by this pilot study should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating rather than definitive evidence of a robust benefit. Future studies should confirm these findings by enlarging the intervention cohorts and adopting a randomized controlled design. In this sense, a 10-week GBDI may provide a solid base for a safe and promising dance-based rehabilitation program that could lead to improvements in motor, cognition, and psychosocial spheres in people with RRMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14238612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:20:29Z","timestamp":1765210829000},"page":"8612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of Ballet-Based Group Dance Intervention in Relapsing\u2013Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ivaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4619-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4999-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Triolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8609-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Restuccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2507-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Susinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilla","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Rifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giangaetano","family":"D'Aleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Quartarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Lo Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, SS113 Via Palermo C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. 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