{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:11:33Z","timestamp":1790727093917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/objectives: The study aimed to present cases of malignant struma ovarii from seven centers in T\u00fcrkiye and evaluate them within the context of the existing literature. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 17 patients treated at seven centers, focusing on clinical features, surgical management, pathology, thyroid function, adjuvant treatment, and outcomes. Additionally, a literature review including eight studies with 178 patients was conducted. Results: The mean age of patients was 44.7 years, with a mean tumor size of 9.2 cm. Elevated Ca 125 was found in 33.3% of patients, while thyroid function abnormalities and hyperthyroidism signs were rare. Pelvic pain and menstrual irregularities were common presenting symptoms. A total of 16 patients (94.1%) had unilateral tumors. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were the most frequent surgical approaches. Histopathology predominantly showed classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (13 patients, 76%). All patients were FIGO stage I, with no metastasis. Thyroidectomy was performed in seven patients, identifying two concurrent thyroid cancers. Four patients received adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy. During a median follow-up of 43 months, no deaths and one recurrence were observed. The literature review showed a diagnosis age ranging 43\u201353 years and papillary thyroid carcinoma as the most common subtype. Thyroidectomy and RAI treatment were selectively applied. Among the reported studies, recurrence occurred in 7 of 76 patients (9.2%), while 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates exceeded 94% and 100%, respectively. BRAF mutations were uncommon. Conclusions: Malignant struma ovarii is a rare tumor with a favorable prognosis when diagnosed early and managed appropriately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14248807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1765543951000},"page":"8807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective Multicenter Analysis of Malignant Struma Ovarii: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1039-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atacem Mert","family":"Aytekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34153, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6045-6125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yagmur","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34153, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1377-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utku","family":"Akgor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banu","family":"Boso Aslantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baskent University Adana Hospital, Adana 01250, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huseyin","family":"Akilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baskent University Ankara Hospital, Ankara 06490, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6837-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"Turker Saricoban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Yalcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun 55139, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kefeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun 55100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Karaaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65080, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dogan","family":"Vatansever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ipek Betul","family":"Ozcivit Erkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34153, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9355-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Serdar","family":"Acikgoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34153, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4866-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tugan","family":"Bese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34153, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Kuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34153, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.499","article-title":"Struma Ovarii and 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