{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:53:33Z","timestamp":1790009613489,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Assisted reproductive therapy (ART) has been utilized as an effective therapeutic strategy for addressing infertility worldwide, and one of the key determinants of ART success is the acquisition of high-quality embryos through in vitro fertilization (IVF). We investigated which male factors were associated with embryo formation and quality in conventional IVF (cIVF). Methods: This study was an exploratory subanalysis of a trial conducted to examine the associations of clinical and lifestyle factors with sperm abnormalities in 41 men from infertile couples without identifiable male factors. From the original cohort, 21 men whose partners underwent cIVF were included for blastocyte outcome assessment. Semen samples were evaluated for standard sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Blood biochemical parameters and lifestyle habits were also evaluated. Blastocysts were assessed 5 days after cIVF, and implantation success was determined 10 days after embryo transfer. Results: All participants showed normozoospermia, with mild sperm DFI in 76%. Blastocysts were formed in 32% of the oocytes following cIVF, with good blastocyst development and quality observed in 71% and 39%, respectively. The implantation success and live birth rates after embryo transfer were 53% and 43%, respectively. Regression analysis identified sperm DFI as the only variable inversely associated with all blastocyst outcomes. In contrast, no parameters were associated with implantation success or live birth rates. Conclusions: The present subanalysis suggests the hypothesis that sperm DNA fragmentation may be negatively associated with high-quality embryo formation in cIVF, even among normozoospermic men with non-severe levels of sperm DFI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14248892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:47:26Z","timestamp":1765889246000},"page":"8892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Normozoospermic Men Is Associated with Blastocyst Formation and Quality in Conventional In Vitro Fertilization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1734-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusaku","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6042-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa Meical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0787-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shogo","family":"Nishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa Meical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1952-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miwa","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa Meical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-1333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiko","family":"Sekizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa Meical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0102-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sho-Ichi","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmad028","article-title":"Declining global fertility rates and the implications for family planning and family building: An IFFS consensus document based on a narrative review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Fauser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. 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