{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:19:05Z","timestamp":1789586345413,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This retrospective matched-pair analysis compared functional outcomes and complications of prostate artery embolization (PAE) using 250 \u00b5m microparticles and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: A total of 69 PAE patients were matched 1:1 to 69 HoLEP patients using propensity scores based on age, prostate volume (PV), and IPSS. Follow-up was standardized at six months for the PAE cohort, while HoLEP outcomes were assessed cross-sectionally (median 52.9 months). All comparisons were therefore interpreted as cross-sectional analyses rather than time-matched outcomes. Secondary endpoints were complications according to the Clavien\u2013Dindo Classification. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between PAE and HoLEP regarding IPSS, QoL, or Qmax. Both interventions led to significant within-group improvements in IPSS, QoL, and Qmax (p &lt; 0.001). Between-group comparisons demonstrated significantly greater improvement in IPSS, Qmax, and QoL following HoLEP (all p &lt; 0.05). Erectile function remained stable after PAE and showed a non-significant decrease after HoLEP. Severe complications (Clavien\u2013Dindo \u2265 Grade III) were not observed after PAE. These findings should be interpreted considering the study\u2019s main limitations, including the small cohort size, its retrospective matched-pair design, and variability in surgeons\u2019 HoLEP experience. Conclusions: PAE with 250 \u00b5m microparticles and HoLEP are both effective and safe procedures. While PAE compared to HoLEP is less effective regarding functional outcome, it showed no difference in QoL improvement and is associated with no greater grade II complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14248906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T17:22:58Z","timestamp":1765905778000},"page":"8906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prostate Artery Embolization vs. Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: A Matched Pair Analysis of Functional Outcomes and Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Simon Hannes Friedrich","family":"Leschik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gro\u00dfe Siemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten-Herdecke, 58455 Wuppertal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich-Carl","family":"von Rundstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten-Herdecke, 58455 Wuppertal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Gild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian P.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ruhr University Bochum, Campus OWL, 32049 Herford, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raisa S.","family":"Abrams-Pompe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Ruhr University Bochum, Campus OWL, 32049 Herford, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Teichgraeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1104-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Studies, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Foller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3084-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc-Oliver","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Franiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(02)00354-8","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care\u2014The Triumph project","volume":"42","author":"Verhamme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. 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