{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T20:20:44Z","timestamp":1793218844452,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The tongue base, hypopharynx, and supraglottis (TngHpxSgl) play distinct roles in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Aim of the Study: To assess the level of consensus on the assessment and decision-making for the management of snoring and OSA associated with TngHpxSgl. Methods: A set of statements on the assessment and decision-making for the management of snoring and OSA associated with TngHpxSgl was developed based on the literature and circulated among 12-panel members of European experts on sleep surgery, using the modified Delphi method, seeking at least 80% consensus. Responses were categorized as agree or disagree for each statement, and the comments from the panelists were used to assess the level of consensus. Statements containing aggregated anonymized responses and comments were sent to each panel member in the second and final rounds of the survey. Results: The final set included 147 statements. Of these, 52.6%, 14.7%, and 5.8% achieved consensus among all 12, 11, and 10 panelists, respectively. Conclusions: There was a high level of consensus (73.2%) among European sleep surgery experts on the statements. This consensus will help establish standards and guide further research on snoring and OSA related to TngHpxSgl.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T16:41:19Z","timestamp":1766594479000},"page":"80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Consensus Statements Among European Sleep Surgery Experts on Tongue, Hypopharynx, and Supraglottis Associated with Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Part 1: Evaluation and Decision Making"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-9266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Olszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Sleep Surgery Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9802-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Health Local Agency of Romagna, 47121 Forli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Orl, Clinica Universidad da Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6194-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Delakorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, General Hospital Celje, 3000 Celje, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Heiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan C. T.","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant ENT and Sleep Surgeon, University College London Hospitals, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6409-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, 28023 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Vanderveken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5868-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"P\u00e9rez-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Infantil Ni\u00f1o Jesus, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhik","family":"Kotecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Health Brentwood, Brentwood CM15 8EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2308-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim T.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of ORL-HNS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Technical University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GVM Care & Research ENT Consultant, GVM Primus Medical Center, GVM San Pier Damiano Hospital, 48018 Faenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnostic Testing for Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"13","author":"Kapur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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