{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:08:58Z","timestamp":1766707738776,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important cause of end-stage renal failure. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between supplementation of vitamin D and DKD or not. Methods: The study was designed prospectively and initiated with a total of 81 patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diagnosed with stage 3 or 4 diabetic nephropathy (DN), who applied to Ankara University Faculty of Medicine between July 2011 and February 2013. It was completed with a total of 63 patients, 38 female (60.3%) and 25 male (39.7%), during the six-month follow-up period. The inclusion criteria were as follows: microalbumin \u2265 30 mg\/day in 24 h urine, for which at least two measurements were obtained; age \u2265 18; HbA1c \u2264 8%; eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) \u2265 30 mL\/min; and, in addition, type 2 DM diagnosis. Patients with microalbumin levels of 30\u2013299 mg\/24 h were included in the microalbuminuria group, whereas patients with \u2265300 mg were included in the macroalbuminuria group. An oral dose of 300,000 IU vitamin D3 replacement was given to patients with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Results: In both groups, a significant increase in vitamin D levels at six months compared to baseline was observed, while a significant decrease in 24 h urine microalbumin and protein levels was observed at six months. Considering these results, vitamin D was considered to have a positive effect on 24 h urine microalbumin and protein levels. Conclusions: In both groups, a significant increase in vitamin D levels and a significant decrease in microalbumin and protein levels were detected at the sixth month via 24 h urine tests. Therefore, vitamin D replacement is thought to be beneficial for DKD treatment because of its antiproteinuric effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T23:52:27Z","timestamp":1766706747000},"page":"153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Vitamin D and Diabetic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feride P\u0131nar","family":"Altay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5305-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Turhan \u0130yidir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ba\u015fkent University, Ankara 06490, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevim","family":"G\u00fcll\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Longo, D.L., Kasper, D.L., Jameson, J.L., Fauci, A.S., and Stephen, L.H. 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