{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T01:18:47Z","timestamp":1766971127845,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Hemorrhagic complications are among the most common adverse events of anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are known to be more effective than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in preventing thromboembolism. The aim was to identify clinical factors associated with hemorrhagic events in AF patients treated with DOACs and to develop a simple, clinically applicable bleeding risk score. Methods: Data were derived from the multicenter CRAFT trial (NCT02987062). We conducted a retrospective analysis of hospital records of 1435 AF patients (median age: 67 years; 44.8% female) treated with dabigatran or rivaroxaban. The main study endpoints were the occurrence of a bleeding episode, thromboembolic episode, or all-cause death during a mean four-year follow-up (1531 [1062\u20132140] days). Results: The rates of bleeding episodes, thromboembolic episodes, and all-cause death were 17.4%, 13.5%, and 23.9%, respectively. Nine factors were identified as predictors of bleeding complications: male sex, history of major bleeding, history of cancer, COPD, CRT, rivaroxaban therapy, statin therapy, age, and absence of heart failure. Based on these, the CRAFT bleeding score was developed to predict the risk of hemorrhagic events in individual patients. Conclusions: The CRAFT bleeding score may be implemented in AF patients as an additional tool for evaluating DOACs safety prior to initiating anticoagulant therapy, and for guiding closer monitoring of high-risk individuals to minimize bleeding complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:50:42Z","timestamp":1766969442000},"page":"229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemorrhagic Complications in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Novel Oral Anticoagulants: Results from the CRAFT Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Styczkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital of Zamo\u015b\u0107, 22-400 Zamo\u015b\u0107, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9048-9537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Wawrze\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Sukiennik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Krzowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezary","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Lodzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Kraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Opolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3306-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Grabowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Balsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8519-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Peller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw295","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS","volume":"18","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4369","article-title":"Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Lip","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"146","author":"Hart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. 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