{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:39:18Z","timestamp":1787654358256,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valvular disease in developed countries, and no pharmacological therapy is currently available. Increasing evidence identifies lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a causal factor linking lipid metabolism, inflammation, and valve calcification. Lp(a) levels are largely genetically determined and remain stable throughout life, making them a potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current evidence on Lp(a) and AVS pathophysiology, the diagnostic and prognostic role of Lp(a), and the therapeutic potential of Lp(a)-lowering agents. Emerging Lp(a)-targeted therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA-based agents, could reshape AVS management by providing the first pharmacological option to slow disease progression in selected high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1767193501000},"page":"274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lipoprotein(a) and Aortic Valve Stenosis: From Pathophysiology to Emerging Pharmacological Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1696-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Agnello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Enna \u201cKore\u201d, Piazza dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Laterra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Enna \u201cKore\u201d, Piazza dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8429-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Scalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9432-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Sara","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, A.O.U. Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico San Marco\u201d, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2971-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orazio","family":"Strazzieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Reddavid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Ingala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1834-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Barbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Daniela","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4903-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Barbanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Enna \u201cKore\u201d, Piazza dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Umberto I, ASP 4 di Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santangelo, G., Bursi, F., Faggiano, A., Moscardelli, S., Simeoli, P.S., Guazzi, M., Lorusso, R., Carugo, S., and Faggiano, P. 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