{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:39:26Z","timestamp":1767623966641,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Personal values shape appraisal of stress and life satisfaction. We examined the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction among uniformed personnel in outpatient mental health care, and the role of a personal values hierarchy in this context. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 183 uniformed personnel (34 females, 149 males, age 30\u201366 years, M = 44.72, SD = 5.84) diagnosed with bodily distress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder at a mental health clinic. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing perceived stress, satisfaction with life, coping styles, and personal values. For the Personal Value List, each value not selected by a participant was coded as 0 to avoid missing data; scores regarding symbols of happiness were not used. Reliability was evaluated via repeated measurement; two parts of a key instrument showed test\u2013retest correlations of approximately 0.78 and 0.76. For assessing statistical significance, the bootstrap method was used (1000 resamples). Analyses were conducted in jamovi 2.3.28 using snowLatent (latent profile analysis) and medmod 1.1.0 (moderation analysis). Results: Perceived stress was negatively associated with satisfaction with life (B = \u22120.36, 95% CI [\u22120.48; \u22120.24], p &lt; 0.001). Latent profile analysis extracted two personal values hierarchy profiles (AIC = 4237; BIC = 4587). Profile membership was not a significant predictor of satisfaction with life (p = 0.595) and did not moderate the relationship between perceived stress and satisfaction with life (p = 0.907). Distraction seeking was significantly higher in profile 1 (p = 0.010). Conclusions: In treated uniformed personnel, higher perceived stress is linked to lower life satisfaction. The personal values hierarchy did not moderate this relationship and was not associated with satisfaction with life; however, the personal values hierarchy was related to coping, specifically distraction seeking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T10:53:50Z","timestamp":1767610430000},"page":"369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Personal Values in the Context of the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Satisfaction with Life in the Group of Uniformed Personnel Treated in a Mental Health Clinic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Cury\u0142o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, 30-084 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Psychotherapy Day-Care Unit, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Krakow, 30-053 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Zabojszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Tkaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychotherapy Day-Care Unit, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Krakow, 30-053 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaromira","family":"Iwolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychotherapy Day-Care Unit, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Krakow, 30-053 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Mikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Public Health, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Strz\u0119pek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Cracow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Clinical Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Saint Raphael Hospital, 30-693 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6189-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Czerw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Insurance, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Charkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Insurance, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6359-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Partyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Insurance, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Economic and System Analyses, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Pajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Insurance, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Economic and System Analyses, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7173-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Sygit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kalisz, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Sygit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kalisz, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Wysocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Specialised Healthcare Complex for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis in Wolica, 62-872 Wolica, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"G\u0105ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Institute, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Kaczmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Institute, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3679-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Grochans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Cybulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Schneider-Matyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Bandurska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Competence Development, Integrated Care and e-Health, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1496-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Cie\u0107ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Competence Development, Integrated Care and e-Health, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Drobnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Pobrotyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Citodent Dental Center, Furtak-Pobrotyn & Company Limited Partnership, 05-220 Olawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Wa\u015bko-Czopnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subunit, Provincial Specialist Hospital J. Gromkowskiego, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Non-Surgical Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Sowi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocare Medical Center, Simple Joint-Stock Company (S.J.S.C.), 50-558 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Pobrotyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4641-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Wiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8402-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Czapla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Faculty of Management, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Borzuchowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Logistics in Healthcare, Medical University of Lodz, 90-131 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2781-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remigiusz","family":"Kozlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Logistics in Healthcare, Medical University of Lodz, 90-131 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2478\/fampe-2014-0007","article-title":"Health in the Hierarchy of Personal Values of Children and Youth","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pedagog. Rodz."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gurung, R.A.R. (2019). Health Psychology: Well-Being in a Diverse World, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The Satisfaction with Life Scale","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Personal. Assess."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"171","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Levels of Perceived Stress, Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life among Mental Health Professionals and Non-mental Health Professionals in India","volume":"14","author":"Dey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Health Wellbeing"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Smelser, N.J., and Baltes, P.B. (2001). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1037\/0708-5591.38.3.136","article-title":"Stress, anxiety and coping: The multidimensional interaction model","volume":"38","author":"Endler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. Psychol.\/Psychol. Can."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400.2025.2465741","article-title":"Labor, Depletion, and Disconnection: Leisure as Restoration for Uniformed Public Safety Personnel","volume":"47","author":"Leighton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.11594\/ijmaber.05.05.14","article-title":"Occupational Stress and Coping Mechanisms Among Senior Uniformed Personnel in Philippine National Police","volume":"5","author":"Olivar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Multidiscip. Appl. Bus. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-021-09478-3","article-title":"Contributions to operational psychology: Psychological training model in the context of stress management for specialized German military police personnel and specialized police personnel","volume":"37","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Police Crim. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e503","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab285","article-title":"Evaluation of a Stress Management Course for Shipboard Sailors","volume":"188","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Kim, J.H., Kim, H., Kim, S.H., Park, S.S., Hong, C.W., Kwon, K.T., Lee, S.H., Kim, K.S., and Choi, H. (2025). Investigating the effect of mindfulness training for stress management in military training: The relationship between the autonomic nervous system and emotional regulation. BMC Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02322-3"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.28","article-title":"Thirty-Day Prevalence of DSM-IV Mental Disorders Among Nondeployed Soldiers in the US Army: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)","volume":"71","author":"Kessler","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.029","article-title":"Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder and their relationship to health-related behaviors in over 12,000 US military personnel: Bi-directional associations","volume":"283","author":"Hruby","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2025, October 20). International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. The Global Standard for Diagnostic Health Information. Available online: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.5.844","article-title":"Multidimensional Assessment of Coping: A Critical Evaluation","volume":"58","author":"Endler","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Strelau, J., Jaworowska, A., Wrze\u015bniewski, K., and Szczepaniak, P. (2005). CISS\u2014Coping in Stressful Situations, PTP. Manual."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Juczynski, Z., and Oginska-Bulik, N. (2009). Tools for Measuring Stress and Coping with Stress, Pracownia Test\u00f3w Psychologicznych."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"The Jamovi Project (2025, August 20). Jamovi, Available online: https:\/\/www.jamovi.org."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zalewska, A.M., and Zwierzchowska, M. (2022). Personality Traits, Personal Values, and Life Satisfaction among Polish Nurses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013493"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2021.1979454","article-title":"The role of values in coping with health and economic threats of COVID-19","volume":"163","author":"Lemay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"e1183","article-title":"Students\u2019 Values and Their Mental Health during Pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Kamila","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol. Propos. Represent."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"9","article-title":"Psychological Resilience in Relation to the Coping Strategies and Individual Values of the Students\u2014Diagnosis and Intervention Measures","volume":"14","author":"Glaveanu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euromentor"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/1\/369\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T11:13:47Z","timestamp":1767611627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/1\/369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15010369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15010369","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]}}}