{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:43:02Z","timestamp":1788788582845,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: The anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) technique, which preserves spinal mobility and avoids possible fusion problems in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients, continues to be increasingly used in spine surgery. The study aims to report the early-to-early-mid postoperative radiological results of thoracolumbar\/lumbar AVBT on sagittal alignment, and the second aim is to compare AVBT with selective thoracic fusion (STF) and non-selective fusion (NSF) groups in AIS patients. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of AIS were retrospectively evaluated in the study. All patients were categorized into three groups based on the surgical technique performed: AVBT (n = 17), NSF (n = 19), and STF (n = 15). The major curvature degree, coracoid height difference (CHD), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), cervical lordosis (CL), C7 tilt, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), and T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPI) were measured for radiological comparison. Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were used at the final follow-up for functional evaluation. Results: The T1SPI value of the NSF group was significantly higher than the STF group in the final follow-up (p = 0.033). The mean decrease of 8.85 \u00b1 7.85 units in the final follow-up value compared to the postoperative CHD value of the patients in the AVBT group was found to be significant (p = 0.028). Statistically significant differences were found between preoperative and the first postoperative CL and TPA measurements (p = 0.001 and p = 0.042, respectively), as well as between preoperative and final follow-up CL measurements in the AVBT group (p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in CHD, SS, PT, PI, LL, TK, CL, C7 tilt, SVA, and TPA values (p &gt; 0.05); similarly, the SRS-22 and ODI scores did not differ significantly among the groups (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracolumbar\/lumbar AVBT surgery led to significant improvements in shoulder asymmetry and cervical lordosis of AIS patients in the early to early-mid postoperative period. However, compared with spinal fusion techniques, thoracolumbar\/lumbar AVBT did not demonstrate superiority in functional scores or sagittal parameters. The mid- to long-term benefits of thoracolumbar\/lumbar AVBT remain uncertain and require further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:26:56Z","timestamp":1767774416000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sagittal Alignment Reciprocal Changes After Thoracolumbar\/Lumbar Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Taha Furkan","family":"Ya\u011fc\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Mu\u015f State Hospital, 49250 Mu\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7651-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serkan","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, \u0130stanbul Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University, 34093 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2809-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, \u0130stanbul Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University, 34093 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eahin","family":"Karalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, 34815 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0463-6335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adem","family":"Bayraktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, \u0130stanbul Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University, 34093 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Bayrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mu\u015f Alparslan University, 49250 Mu\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0704-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Turgut","family":"Akg\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, \u0130stanbul Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University, 34093 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000197652.52890.71","article-title":"Spinal range of motion, muscle endurance, and back pain and function at least 20 years after fusion or brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A case-control study","volume":"31","author":"Danielsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200206150-00018","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of trunk range of motion in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion surgery","volume":"27","author":"Engsberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01728","article-title":"Growth modulation by means of anterior tethering resulting in progressive correction of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: A case report","volume":"92","author":"Crawford","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06745-z","article-title":"Double-sided vertebral body tethering of double adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves: Radiographic outcomes of the first 13 patients with 2 years of follow-up","volume":"30","author":"Pehlivanoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.22.00127","article-title":"Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering Compared with Posterior Spinal Fusion for Major Thoracic Curves: A Retrospective Comparison by the Harms Study Group","volume":"104","author":"Newton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01533","article-title":"Measurable Thoracic Motion Remains at 1 Year Following Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering, with Sagittal Motion Greater Than Coronal Motion","volume":"103","author":"Buyuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-022-00519-3","article-title":"Vertebral body tethering compared to posterior spinal fusion for skeletally immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: Preliminary results from a matched case\u2013control study","volume":"10","author":"Mathew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07740-2","article-title":"Radiographic outcome after vertebral body tethering of the lumbar spine","volume":"32","author":"Trobisch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"879","article-title":"The Importance of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity","volume":"48","author":"Protopsaltis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2017.0404.013","article-title":"Restoration of Sagittal Balance in Spinal Deformity Surgery","volume":"61","author":"Makhni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00287","article-title":"Anterior Spinal Growth Tethering for Skeletally Immature Patients with Scoliosis: A Retrospective Look Two to Four Years Postoperatively","volume":"100","author":"Newton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semss.2021.100909","article-title":"The importance of sagittal alignment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and early onset scoliosis: A review on preoperative versus postoperative changes","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-07076-9","article-title":"The effects of vertebral body tethering on sagittal parameters: Evaluations from a 2-years follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Baroncini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002619","article-title":"Incidence of Tether Breakage in Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering","volume":"44","author":"Cahill","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"343","article-title":"Investigation of upper extremity functionality in adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing scoliosis surgery","volume":"30","author":"Bayrak","year":"2019","journal-title":"South. Clin. Istanb. Eurasia"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"271","article-title":"The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire","volume":"66","author":"Fairbank","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.2.776","article-title":"A comparison of a modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale","volume":"81","author":"Fritz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1387-8334","article-title":"Radiographic results after vertebral body tethering","volume":"160","author":"Baroncini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z. Orthop. Unfall."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07448-9","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of anterior vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Mariscal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21.00002","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.21.00002","article-title":"Complications, reoperations, and mid-term outcomes following anterior vertebral body tethering versus posterior spinal fusion: A meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBJS Open Access"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1684","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a18486","article-title":"Reliability analysis of shoulder balance measures: Comparison of the four available methods","volume":"38","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01176","article-title":"Anterior Spinal Growth Modulation in Skeletally Immature Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Comparison with Posterior Spinal Fusion at 2 to 5 Years Postoperatively","volume":"102","author":"Newton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-022-00546-0","article-title":"The preliminary outcomes of vertebral body tethering in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/2\/447\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:31:03Z","timestamp":1767850263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/2\/447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15020447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15020447","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}}}