{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T11:34:11Z","timestamp":1768217651897,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007771","name":"Medical University of Silesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BNW-NWN-640-2-1-502\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-NWN-640-2-1-502\/25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinitis is induced by endotype-diverse inflammatory processes, which complicates effective therapeutic management. According to the current principles of personalized medicine, which also apply to the management of rhinological disorders, the best therapeutic results can be achieved after targeted treatment preceded by analysis of the patient\u2019s endotype. Analysis of immune and cellular mechanisms allows for the use of biological treatment, and its effects provide new information on inflammatory processes in the nasal mucosa. The effects of biological treatment may be particularly interesting in the case of mixed endotypes, which pose a difficult therapeutic challenge. In eosinophilic asthma co-occurring with allergic rhinitis, as well as in eosinophilic asthma associated with non-allergic rhinitis, eosinophils represent a key effector cell population driving the underlying type 2-mediated inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of anti-IL5 or anti-ILR5 therapy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and persistent allergic or non-allergic rhinitis. Methods: In this single-center real-life study, the authors analyzed the effects of biological treatment on rhinological symptoms in patients over the age of 18 with severe uncontrolled eosinophilic bronchial asthma with coexisting persistent allergic or non-allergic rhinitis treated with mepolizumab or benralizumab. In all patients, the otolaryngologist performed anterior rhinoscopy. Evaluation of rhinological symptoms and quality of life in patients treated with anti-IL5 or anti-IL5 therapy before and six months after biological treatment was performed using the TNSS and SNOT-22 scales. Results: In total, 67 patients with eosinophilic severe bronchial asthma were included in the study; among them 39 (58.2%) suffered from persistent allergic rhinitis and 28 (41.8%) suffered from chronic non-allergic rhinitis. After six months of treatment, higher absolute differences for SNOT and TNSS were observed in the persistent allergic rhinitis group. Conclusions: Biological treatment with mepolizumab and benralizumab may reduce the severity of rhinological symptoms in both endotypes of inflammation. However, higher therapeutic benefits were observed in patients with co-existing persistent allergic rhinitis. It was demonstrated that, in addition to IgE-mediated responses, the eosinophil represented an important component of the inflammatory reaction in allergic rhinitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:20:37Z","timestamp":1768206037000},"page":"587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Can Coexisting Allergic Rhinitis in Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Be a Prognostic Factor for Efficacy of Biological Therapy? Analysis of Eosinophilic Involvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8160-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Jura-Szo\u0142tys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Gl\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludger","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology, 66205 Wiesbaden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Gawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/520609a","article-title":"Personalized medicine: Time for one-person trials","volume":"520","author":"Schork","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.10.009","article-title":"Recent Advances in Severe Asthma: From Phenotypes to Personalized Medicine","volume":"157","author":"Schoettler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13496","article-title":"Precision medicine in united airways disease: A \u201ctreatable traits\u201d approach","volume":"73","author":"Yii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2018.12.020","article-title":"Asthma, rhinitis, and nasal polyp multimorbidities","volume":"55","author":"Vizuete","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. 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