{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:36:50Z","timestamp":1788367010664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Actinic keratoses (AKs), also known as solar keratoses, are considered premalignant skin lesions that can evolve into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Among the available options, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a cornerstone. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of our database of the non-melanoma skin cancer outpatient clinic. The main objective was to evaluate patients treated with 4% 5-FU cream for AK lesions. The efficacy of 4% 5-FU was evaluated retrospectively by measuring the percentage of patients who achieved complete clearance. A secondary efficacy measure was the percentage of partial clearance, defined as at least a 75% reduction in lesion count. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the safety of 4% 5-FU cream. Results: We included 150 patients clinically diagnosed with AK, treated with 4% 5-FU cream and evaluated 432 lesions. Complete clearance of lesions was observed in 138 patients (92%) with partial clearance in 12 patients (8%). At 12 months, the recurrence rate was 11%. Conclusions: Based on our analysis, 4% 5-FU cream is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for AKs, particularly in patients with extensive field cancerization. While local skin reactions are a natural part of its mechanism, they are manageable and do not outweigh clinical benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:57:25Z","timestamp":1768229845000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of 4% 5-Fluorouracil Cream in the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: A Single-Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2181-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Cantisani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Guardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Paolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Bal\u00e1zs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-1117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Boostani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9947-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Conforti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Feresin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8231-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Carugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Gargano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9105-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Losco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3828-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven Paul","family":"Nistic\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pellacani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad395","article-title":"Actinic keratosis epidemiology: The good, the bad and the ugly","volume":"190","author":"Naldi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. 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