{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T05:08:14Z","timestamp":1768540094987,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common disease with a high mortality rate and is often treated with immunotherapies; however, prognostic markers are required to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from these treatments. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the prognostic significance of the C-PLAN index, which includes performance status (PS) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods: A total of 560 patients were included in this multicenter study. Patients had been diagnosed with NSCLC and had received nivolumab therapy. The C-PLAN index, defined in 2022, is a score derived from the combination of PS, CRP, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, and neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Patients were classified into good-, moderate-, and poor-prognosis groups according to the C-PLAN score. Results: The median metastatic overall survival was 25 months in the group with a C-PLAN score &lt; 2 and 6 months in the group with a C-PLAN score \u2265 2 (p &lt; 0.001). The median metastatic progression-free survival was 11 months in the group with a C-PLAN score &lt; 2 and 3 months in the group with a C-PLAN score \u2265 2. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study demonstrating that the C-PLAN index can be used for prognostic purposes in immunotherapy. This score, which can be easily, economically, and practically calculated in outpatient clinics, can predict patient prognosis and determine who should receive longer durations of immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:52:57Z","timestamp":1768319577000},"page":"642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic Significance of C-PLAN Index in Patients Treated with Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ayse","family":"Nuransoy Cengiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oktay","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammet","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Ozkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mevlude","family":"Inanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"Kefeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, \u0130zmit 41060, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7871-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devrim","family":"Cabuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, \u0130zmit 41060, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Erman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saadettin","family":"Kilickap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tolga","family":"Koseci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University Balcal\u0131 Hospital, Sar\u0131cam, Adana 01790, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duygu","family":"Bayir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6924-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz Can","family":"Guven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muslih","family":"Urun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University, Tusba, Van 65080, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6363-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramazan","family":"Cosar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teoman","family":"Sakalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Necip Fazil City Hospital, Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2575-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nargiz","family":"Majidova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Vm Medicalpark Maltepe Hospital, Istanbul 34846, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emel","family":"Mutlu Ozkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Corum Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Corum 19040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3668-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cengiz","family":"Akosman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Medicalpark Hospital, Ant\u0131nordu, Ordu 52200, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-4846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ersoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya City Hospital, Kutahya 43100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1976-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli City Hospital, \u0130zmit 41060, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pervin","family":"Can Sanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli City Hospital, \u0130zmit 41060, 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