{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:53:54Z","timestamp":1790610834006,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Single-sided deafness (SSD) impairs speech perception, reduces spatial hearing, decreases quality of life, and is frequently accompanied by tinnitus. Cochlear implantation (CI) has become an established treatment option, but long-term prospective evidence across multiple functional and psychological domains remains limited. This study investigated auditory performance, subjective hearing outcomes, tinnitus burden, and psychological well-being over a two-year follow-up in a large SSD cohort. Methods: Seventy adults with SSD underwent unilateral CI. Assessments were conducted preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Outcome measures included the Freiburg Monosyllable Test (FS), Oldenburg Inventory (OI), Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ), Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and General Depression Scale (ADS-L). Longitudinal changes were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with effect sizes; Holm-adjusted p-values were applied for baseline-to-follow-up comparisons. Results: Speech perception improved markedly within the first 6 months and remained stable through 2 years, with large effect sizes. All OI subdomains demonstrated early and sustained improvements in subjective hearing ability. Several hearing-related quality-of-life domains assessed by the NCIQ, particularly social interaction, self-esteem, and activity participation, showed medium-to-large long-term improvements. Tinnitus severity decreased substantially, with marked reductions observed by 6 months and maintained thereafter; the proportion of tinnitus-free patients increased at follow-up, although tinnitus symptoms persisted in a substantial subset of participants. Perceived stress was reduced initially at the early follow-up and remained below baseline thereafter. Anxiety and depressive symptoms mostly stayed within nonclinical ranges, showing no lasting changes after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort, cochlear implantation was associated with durable improvements in auditory outcomes, tinnitus burden, and selected patient-reported quality-of-life domains over two years. Although significant functional and patient-centered improvements were noted, persistent tinnitus and diverse psychosocial outcomes underscore the need for personalized counseling and comprehensive follow-up that incorporate patient-reported outcomes and psychological assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:52:57Z","timestamp":1768319577000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-Term Auditory, Tinnitus, and Psychological Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in Single-Sided Deafness: A Two-Year Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jasper Karl Friedrich","family":"Schrader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7549-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Gr\u00f6schel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka J.","family":"Szczepek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Olze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1159\/000455058","article-title":"Towards a Unified Testing Framework for Single-Sided Deafness Studies: A Consensus Paper","volume":"21","author":"Mertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Audiol. 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