{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T23:23:58Z","timestamp":1772580238114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: We aimed to study acquired esotropia in adults and its risk factors, compile treatments performed and describe surgical technique used, with a novel indication. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with insidious distant esotropia along with distant horizontal diplopia (angles 2\u201330 PD with wide fusion amplitude): Refractively emmetropic, moderately myopic and mildly hyperopic. No systemic alterations. Results: 30 cases were included, average age: 38.13 \u00b1 14.95. Mean time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to surgical treatment was 22.52. Mean spherical equivalent is \u22123.19 \u00b1 2.83. Mean preoperative horizontal deviation was 18.58 \u00b1 5.45 PD in distant vision and 5.48 \u00b1 8.35 PD in close vision (p &lt; 0.001). 100% of cases reported diplopia in distance vision. 20% required prismatic treatment (&lt;10 PD) and 80% surgical (&gt;10 PD) by lateral rectus resection, with an average of 4.82 \u00b1 1.23 mm. Sensory result was successful in 100% of the cases and motor in 75%. Conclusions: We are facing a new type of acquired esotropia in adults that can be individualized by its clinical and therapeutic characteristics. Our prismatic and surgical treatment has been successful.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:27:53Z","timestamp":1768570073000},"page":"747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adult-Acquired Esotropia: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Outcomes of a Novel Surgical Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Diego Jos\u00e9","family":"Torres Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Arruzafa Hospital, 14012 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"P\u00e9rez Morenilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Arruzafa Hospital, 14012 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"\u00c1lvarez G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Arruzafa Hospital, 14012 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timoteo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cruces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Unit, Arruzafa Hospital, 14012 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"D\u00edaz-Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Development and Innovation Unit, Arruzafa Hospital, 14012 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1121-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cerd\u00e1n Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Development and Innovation Unit, Arruzafa Hospital, 14012 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Morales Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Arruzafa Hospital, 14012 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2017.1349816","article-title":"Superior and lateral rectus myopexy for acquired adult distance esotropia: A \u201cone size fits all\u201d surgery","volume":"25","author":"Morad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"969","article-title":"A new classification of the motor anomalies of the eye based on physiological principles, together with their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"5","author":"Duane","year":"1896","journal-title":"Ann. 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Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2021.1948072","article-title":"Series of cases of acute acquired comitant esotropia in children associated with excessive online classes on smartphone during COVID-19 pandemic; digital eye strain among kids (DESK) study-3","volume":"29","author":"Mohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Strabismus"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/2\/747\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:39:10Z","timestamp":1768570750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/2\/747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15020747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15020747","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]}}}