{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:37:57Z","timestamp":1791045477102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STM. A351.20.025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STM. A351.20.025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD), including Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Identifying molecular mediators involved in inflammation and tissue repair is critical for improving disease management. Objective: To examine the expression of periostin, TGF-\u03b2, and SLUG in pIBD and assess their potential roles in intestinal inflammation, fibrosis, and mucosal healing. Methods: Intestinal biopsies from 33 pediatric patients (11 CD, 22 UC) and 10 healthy controls were analyzed immunohistochemically. Quantitative PCR evaluated POSTN, TGF-\u03b21, and SNAI2 expression in 22 patients and 6 controls. Correlations with fecal calprotectin, the Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), and the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) were determined. Results: Periostin, TGF-\u03b2, and SLUG expression were significantly increased in pIBD compared with controls. Periostin levels were higher in CD than in UC. All markers correlated positively at mRNA and protein levels. Notably, periostin showed an inverse correlation with fecal calprotectin and PCDAI scores. Conclusions: Periostin, TGF-\u03b2, and SLUG may represent biomarkers of pIBD activity. Periostin appears to mediate inflammation and promote mucosal fibrosis or repair, and its inverse association with disease activity suggests a potential therapeutic role in pIBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:57:58Z","timestamp":1768921078000},"page":"845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of Periostin, TGF-\u03b2, and SLUG Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pediatric Patients and Their Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Sputa-Grzegrzolka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Socha-Banasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Piotrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1972-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Olbromski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-4325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Mrozowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-4824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Popiel-Kopaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Gurzkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Paczes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0384-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Czkwianianc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Romanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Dziegiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Kempisty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, 60-630 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tartamus Tita, G.V., Serban, D.E., and Tantau, M.V. 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