{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:50:32Z","timestamp":1769554232085,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unlike skeletal Class I and II patients, the application of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in skeletal Class III patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not well documented. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the variations and outcomes of MMA techniques in this unique subgroup. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and LILACS databases were conducted for articles published up to May 2025. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main variations of MMA were identified: (1) Bimaxillary advancement, which provides the most significant airway enlargement across all pharyngeal regions but carries the highest risk of facial aesthetic distortion; (2) Maxillary advancement with mandibular auto-rotation, a less invasive option suited for patients with isolated maxillary retrusion and symmetrical mandibular anatomy; (3) Maxillary advancement with mandibular setback, which addresses aesthetic concerns in patients with mandibular excess but may compromise oropharyngeal airway space. All variations were reported to be effective in treating OSA (Reduction of AHI by at least 50%) but with different considerations. Surgical planning for skeletal Class III patients with OSA should be individualized based on craniofacial morphology, anatomical site of airway obstruction, and aesthetic considerations. A decision flowchart was shared in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15030935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:21:40Z","timestamp":1769505700000},"page":"935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is Maxillomandibular Advancement Possible in Skeletal Class III Patients? A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cheryl Ker Jia","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn Kang Li","family":"Hor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2699-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi Lin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8877-1584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond Chung Wen","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal Shuk Jin","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chee Weng","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore"},{"name":"National University Centre for Oral Health Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2018.10.013","article-title":"The Role of the Revised Stanford Protocol in Today\u2019s Precision Medicine","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med. 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