{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:58:16Z","timestamp":1769554696183,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The clinical meaning of hip joint synovial cavity thickness (HJSCT) on ultrasound (US) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) without effusion is uncertain. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 369 children (187 JIA; 182 controls) undergoing hip US at a referral center in Krak\u00f3w, Poland. JIA examinations were performed upon initial referral, early in the care pathway. We excluded patients with hip effusion and pre-existing inflammatory, traumatic or degenerative hip pathology. HJSCT was defined as the distance from the outer capsule margin to the femoral neck cortex. We used a Toshiba Aplio 400 system with a 12 MHz probe to measure and derive mean bilateral HJSCT. Bilateral concordance was assessed. Iterative multivariable linear regression modeling was used to compare groups, adjusting for non-linear age effects (natural splines) and WHO height-for-age z-scores (HAZ). Results: Left\u2013right HJSCT agreement was high (ICC 0.947; mean difference 0.03 mm; 95% limits of agreement \u22120.64\u20130.70). In unadjusted analysis, mean (SD) HJSCT was similar in JIA versus controls: 5.83 (1.09) vs. 5.95 (0.99) mm, respectively (p = 0.25). In the final model (adj. R2 0.656), HJSCT was strongly associated with age (non-linear, p &lt; 0.001) but not significantly associated with HAZ (\u03b2 = 0.04; p = 0.11) or JIA status (\u03b2 = 0.07; p = 0.30). Predicted HJSCT showed a steep increment in childhood and plateau in adolescence. Conclusions: In children without hip effusion, HJSCT mainly reflects physiological growth and does not differ significantly between early JIA patients and healthy controls. These findings suggest that capsular thickening is not a reliable standalone marker for early disease in the absence of effusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15030962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:21:40Z","timestamp":1769505700000},"page":"962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hip Joint Synovial Cavity Thickness in Early Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Without Effusion: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"\u017buber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Kmiecik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5711-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Batko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"M\u0119\u017cyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2675-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"O\u017cga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Krajewska-W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Madej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3999-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Batko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2019 MSK in Adolescents Collaborators (2024). 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