{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T19:40:22Z","timestamp":1769715622634,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis (RND) is a rare extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with variable clinical presentations. Although typically non-blistering, a rare bullous or vesiculobullous subtype has been described, mainly in patients with seropositive and active RA, and may mimic autoimmune blistering diseases. The objective of this review was to systematically summarize the clinical, histopathological, immunopathological, and therapeutic features of vesiculobullous rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines utilizing the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases, which were searched through December 2025. Case reports and case series describing vesiculobullous or bullous RND with extractable patient-level data were included. Non-English articles were translated. Demographic, clinical, histopathological, immunopathological, microbiological, and therapeutic data were extracted and analyzed using Statistica 12.0 software. Results: Results were synthesized descriptively due to clinical heterogeneity and limited sample size. Thirty reported cases were identified, of which 28 non-duplicate cases were included. The mean patient age was 60.8 \u00b1 14.9 years, with a female predominance (male-to-female ratio, 1:2.5). Most patients were of Asian descent (67.9%). Bullous or vesicular lesions most frequently involved the lower legs (64.3%), palms and soles (41.7%), and thighs (35.7%). Rheumatoid factor data were available in 67.9% of patients, all indicating high RA activity. Histopathological examination was reported in 71.4% of cases and most commonly demonstrated a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate, often dense and extending throughout the dermis, with subepidermal blister formation being the most frequent pattern. Direct immunofluorescence, serological testing for autoimmune bullous diseases, and microbiological investigations were predominantly negative. Dapsone and systemic corticosteroids, alone or combined with RA-specific therapies, were the most commonly used treatments. Conclusions: This review represents the most comprehensive synthesis to date focused exclusively on the bullous\/vesiculobullous subtype of RND, highlighting key diagnostic features such as neutrophil-predominant histopathology, negative direct immunofluorescence, and favorable response to dapsone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15031003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T15:48:30Z","timestamp":1769442510000},"page":"1003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bullous Rheumatoid Neutrophilic Dermatosis\u2014A Systematic Review of 28 Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Mazur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3268-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Szcz\u0119ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Samotij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-1754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2012.00963.x","article-title":"Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis with tense blister formation: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Fujio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Incidence and classification of cutaneous manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Ziemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol. 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