{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:59:09Z","timestamp":1790135949195,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Maternal rectovaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) is a major risk factor for vertical transmission and early-onset neonatal infection. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis reduces early-onset disease but does not address antenatal carriage and may affect the maternal\u2013neonatal microbiota. Microbiota-directed interventions, including probiotics, are being explored as complementary strategies. Methods: This prospective, single-centre, open-label pilot intervention study included 10 pregnant women (18\u201340 years) with singleton pregnancies and a positive vaginal and\/or rectal GBS swab, without pre-gestational or gestational diabetes and without antibiotic use in the 4 weeks before enrolment. Participants received OMNi-BiOTiC\u00ae FLORA plus (multi-strain lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus crispatus) orally at 2 \u00d7 2 g\/day from the 15th to the 34th gestational week. Microbiological swabs were obtained at qualification (12\u201315 weeks), mid-pregnancy (22\u201325 weeks), and late pregnancy (34\u201335 weeks). Outcomes were described descriptively. Results: Among 56 screened pregnant women, 10 were GBS-positive (17.9%) and enrolled. All participants were GBS-positive at baseline. At 22\u201325 weeks, 5\/10 (50%) had a negative GBS result. At 34\u201335 weeks, 9\/10 (90%) were GBS-negative, while 1\/10 (10%) remained colonised. Time to first negative result ranged from 7.6 to 20.2 weeks from supplementation start (median 8.6 weeks). No recurrences (negative-to-positive transitions) were observed between the second and third sampling points. No adverse events related to supplementation were reported. In contrast, among the 46 women who were GBS-negative at screening and did not receive probiotic supplementation, 14 (30.4%) were found to be GBS-positive at routine screening performed at 35\u201337 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: In this pilot single-arm study, oral supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic preparation during pregnancy was associated with a time-dependent reduction in rectovaginal GBS carriage and was well tolerated. These preliminary findings support the feasibility of larger randomised controlled trials incorporating microbiome profiling and neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15031113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:35:46Z","timestamp":1769783746000},"page":"1113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of Oral Supplementation with a Multi-Strain Probiotic Preparation on Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Carriage in Pregnant Women\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4305-8328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zych-Krekora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Sylwestrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Krekora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brokaw, A., Furuta, A., Dacanay, M., Rajagopal, L., and Waldorf, K.M.A. (2021). 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