{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:32:08Z","timestamp":1787589128881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Potential drug\u2013drug interaction (pDDI) refers to the co\u2013administration of two or more drugs that interact with each other and may have therapeutic effects. Increasing rates of polypharmacy with age increase the risk of pDDIs in geriatric patients. This multicenter study aims to provide real\u2013world data on the incidence of pDDI associated with antimicrobial therapy in hospitalized older adults. Methods: The study screened all hospitalized patients, including those aged 65 years and older. Using the Lexicomp\u00ae Drug Interaction Online Database, researchers screened for pDDIs among all medications taken by patients. Results: 663 (24.0%) aged 65 and over were included in the study. Polypharmacy was present in 64.9%, and hyperpolypharmacy was present in 10.0% of the cases. 480 (72.4%) of the cases used antimicrobial therapy. The mean total number of drugs and antimicrobials used per case was 5.86 and 1.02, respectively. A total of 372 antimicrobial\u2013related pDDIs were detected, and at least one antimicrobial\u2013related pDDI was identified in 202 (42%) patients receiving antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin (73.3%), clarithromycin (58.3%), and colistin (26.3%) had the highest numbers of D\u2013type pDDIs. The antimicrobials with the highest incidence of X\u2013type pDDIs were metronidazole (23.6%) and clarithromycin (8.3%), respectively. The logistic analysis found a significant association between antimicrobial\u2013related pDDIs and an increase in the number of drugs, length of hospital stays, and ID departments. Conclusions: PDDI rates associated with antimicrobials, like the high pDDI rates associated with all drugs, support the literature. Therefore, strategies should be developed to reduce the risk of pDDI when prescribing antimicrobials to geriatric patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15031163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:12:46Z","timestamp":1770041566000},"page":"1163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Point\u2013Prevalence of Antimicrobial\u2013Related Potential Drug\u2013Drug Interactions in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Multicenter Study Using Lexicomp"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1479-6009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Batman Training and Research Hospital, Batman 72070, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3123-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"G\u00fcrb\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van 65300, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevil","family":"Alkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, \u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, \u00c7anakkale 17020, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Servan","family":"Vurucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, \u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, \u00c7anakkale 17020, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4061-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeliz","family":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, \u0130stanbul 34815, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"\u00d6zkaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ka\u015f State Hospital, Antalya 07578, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0401-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Antalya City Hospital, Antalya 07070, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zekiye","family":"Hakseven-Karaduman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van 65300, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3341-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali \u0130rfan","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l University, Van 65080, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, \u015eanl\u0131urfa 63300, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8063-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Re\u015fat","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, \u015eanl\u0131urfa 63300, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tajdin","family":"\u0130rdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbak\u0131r 21280, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fethiye","family":"Akg\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Batman Training and Research Hospital, Batman 72070, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8950-0989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Alt\u0131nda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van 65300, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015e\u00fckran","family":"Sevim-Ak\u0131l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, K\u0131z\u0131ltepe State Hospital, Mardin 47400, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Ag\u00fclo\u011flu-Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology Program, Department of Infectious Diseases and Early Warning, General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara 06050, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Kemal","family":"\u00c7elen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbak\u0131r 21280, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-017-2357-5","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions and their harmful effects in hospitalised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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Pract."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/3\/1163\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:37:57Z","timestamp":1770043077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/3\/1163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15031163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15031163","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]}}}