{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T03:12:49Z","timestamp":1770261169616,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Restoration of mandibular anatomy following complex trauma remains challenging when conventional anatomical and occlusal references, such as dental occlusion, contralateral morphology, condylar position, or mandibular continuity are lost. This technical note describes the clinical application of a mandibular statistical shape model as an alternative anatomical reference for diagnosis, virtual planning, and postoperative evaluation in patients with severe post-traumatic deformities. Methods: The MAGIC-SSM, an open-source, age-, and sex-specific three-dimensional model derived from a normative population dataset, enables reconstruction of plausible mandibular geometry in the absence of residual landmarks. Three clinical cases were analyzed using MAGIC-SSM-based reference alignment, with distance mapping applied when indicated. Results: The model provided an additional anatomical reference that supported decision-making in secondary correction, hybrid reconstruction with patient-specific implants, and quantitative evaluation of postoperative outcomes. Conclusions: By replacing lost spatial references with population-based geometry, the MAGIC-SSM offered support for restoring mandibular form and symmetry. These preliminary findings illustrate the feasibility of applying the MAGIC-SSM as an anatomical framework in complex trauma when conventional guides are absent. As its clinical application involved clinician-guided alignment and scaling, reproducibility and reliability remain to be established and require further validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15031223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1770209516000},"page":"1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Restoring Mandibular Anatomy After Complex Trauma: Clinical Applications of a Statistical Shape Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stephen A. L. Y.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9652-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelis","family":"Klop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-4722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana F.","family":"Sabelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2429-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruud","family":"Schreurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1570-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitske W.","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Helmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred G.","family":"Becking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leander","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90002-7","article-title":"Ten years of mandibular fractures: An analysis of 2137 cases","volume":"59","author":"Ellis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Oral Surg. 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